10/16/2026

Parashat 15 Portion 59 ‘’Bo’’ Ex 13:1-14:14 Jer 31:8-16 + 19

 Please, YHVH, our Elohim, sweeten the words of Your Torah in our hearts and in the hearts of Your people, the family of Israel. May we and our offspring and the offspring of Your people, the household of Jacob – know Your Name and study Your Torah, for the sake of Your Torah- empowering us to sincerely love one another and to love You above all. Please uncover our eyes and open our hearts that we may carefully examine and understand the marvels and mysteries of Your Torah- Amein.

Shabbat Shalom.

קדשׁ־לי – '’Set apart for Me”

Consecration of the Firstborn

Exo 13:1  And יהוה spoke to Mosheh, saying, 

Exo 13:2  “Set apart to Me (קדשׁ־לי) all the first-born, the one opening the womb among the children of Yisra’ěl, among man and among beast, it is Mine.” 

 Belonging to יהוה and being set apart to יהוה are related, but they are not identical concepts.

Everything belongs to Him because He is the Creator. Yet He can consecrate something from within His creation for a particular purpose.

This is also why Exodus 13:2 does not simply say, "The firstborn belong to Me."

It begins with an instruction:

קדשׁ־לי — Set apart to Me.

The emphasis is on consecration or dedicated for a specific purpose.

And perhaps the most important point is this: being specially chosen does not mean being more valuable than those who were not chosen. In Scripture, being set apart frequently carries additional responsibility rather than greater personal worth.

 We see this truth beautifully illustrated in Exo 13:13  “But every first-born of a donkey you are to ransom (redeem) with a lamb. And if you do not ransom it, then you shall break its neck. And every first-born of man among your sons you are to ransom – you are obliged to pay something for them.

 verse 13, He explains that not every firstborn is to be presented to Him in the same way.

Under the Torah, the donkey is classified as an unclean animal (Leviticus 11:3–8). It could not be presented as an acceptable sacrificial offering. A lamb was an acceptable sacrificial animal under the Torah and could be given in place of the firstborn donkey.

 There are Jewish and Christian interpretive traditions that connect the redemption of the firstborn donkey in Exodus 13:13 with a wider spiritual understanding of redemption, including the redemption of the nations (“Gentiles” – this may appear offensive to our gentile brothers in Yahshua)

 Isa 66:21  “And from them (Gentiles) too I shall take for priests – for Lěwites,” declares יהוה. 

 Isaiah 66:21 is arguably the most radical legal and prophetic border-crossing in the entire Hebrew Bible - “And from them to I shall take for priests – for Lěwites,” declares יהוה. 

It explicitly states that YHVH will select individuals from among the grafted in Gentile nations to serve as literal priests and Levites – Kohanim and Levim.

 A redeemed gentile could never become a normal gentile again.

YHVH will take some "unclean donkeys" (Gentiles) and transform some of them into Priests and "Levites"—consecrating them into having a permanently irreversible priestly and covenantal status

 1Pe 2:9  But you are a chosen race,b Deu_10:15 a royal priesthood,c Isa_61:6 a set-apart nation,d Exo_19:6 a people for a possession,e Isa_43:2 that you should proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvellous light, Footnotes: bAlso see Isa_43:20. cAlso see Isa_66:21. dAlso see Deu_7:6. eAlso see Exo_19:5, Tit_2:14. 

This is not the Church or Christianity – these are people who have come out of that system.

 1 Pet 2:9 is connected to Is 66:21 - This is a minority view held by some scholars .

 There is another fascinating “donkey connection” in Zechariah 9:9  “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Tsiyon! Shout, O daughter of Yerushalayim! See, your Sovereign is coming to you, He is righteous and endowed with deliverance, humble and riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey. 

 “Rabbi Alexandri said: Rabbi Joshua ben Levi opposed two verses... It is written: 'And behold, with the clouds of heaven came one like a son of man' (Daniel 7:13), and it is written: 'Lowly, and riding upon a donkey' (Zechariah 9:9). If they are worthy, [he will come] with the clouds of heaven; if they are not worthy, lowly and riding upon a donkey.” — Talmud, Sanhedrin 98b

 It may be gentile believers in Yahshua that introduce the Jewish world to their Jewish Messiah.

 Zech 9:9 riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey - על־חמור ועל־עיר בן־אתנות

Mat 21:5  “Say to the daughter of Tsiyon, ‘See, your Sovereign is coming to you, meek, and sitting on a donkey, even a colt, the foal of a donkey.’ על־חמור ועל־עיר בן־אתנות

 Note the context of vs 10 – “donkeys” could be referring to the gentiles – “And he shall speak peace unto the gentiles: and his dominion shall be from sea even to sea, and from the river even to the ends of the earth – (Zech 9:10)

Addressing grafted in gentiles: Ephesians 2:11–19 - Eph 2:11 Therefore remember that you, once nations (gentiles) in the flesh, who are called ‘the uncircumcision’ by what is called ‘the circumcision’ made in the flesh by hands,

Eph 2:12  that at that time you were without Messiah, excluded from the citizenship of Yisra’ěl and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no expectation and without Elohim in the world. 

Eph 2:13  But now in Messiah יהושע you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of the Messiah. 

Eph 2:19  So then you are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens of the set-apart ones and members of the household of Elohim,e Footnote: eSee Rom_11:17-24, Isa_14:1. 

 The Messiah takes this metaphor even further:

 The Faith of a Canaanite Woman

Mat 15:21  And יהושע went out from there and withdrew to the parts of Tsor and Tsiḏon. 

Mat 15:22  And see, a woman of Kena‛an came from those borders and cried out to Him, saying, “Have compassion on me, O Master, Son of Dawiḏ! My daughter is badly demon-possessed.” 

Mat 15:23  But He did not answer her a word. And His taught ones came and asked Him, saying, “Send her away, because she cries after us.” 

Mat 15:24  And He answering, said, “I was not sent except to the lost sheep of the house of Yisra’ěl.”d Footnote: dSee Mat_10:6. –

Mat 15:25  But she came and was bowing to Him, saying, “Master, help me!” 

Mat 15:26  And He answering, said, “It is not good to take the children’s(Hebrew’s) bread (Torah) and throw it to the little dogs.” (gentiles)

Mat 15:27  But she said, “Yes Master, for even the little dogs eat the crumbs which fall from their masters’ table.” 

Mat 15:28  And יהושע answering, said to her, “O woman, your belief is great! Let it be to you as you desire.” And her daughter was healed from that hour.

 When Yahshua speaks to the Syro-Phoenician woman, the Greek text reveals an incredibly important distinction that softens a raw ethnic slur into an illustrative parable:

The Pejorative Term (Kuon): The harsh, standard Greek word for a wild, vicious street dog or a direct insult is kuon.

The Diminutive Term (Kunarion): Yahshua deliberately does not use that word. Instead, he uses kunarion, which means a "little dog," a "puppy," or a "domesticated household pet".

 By switching the imagery from filthy street scavengers to indoor house pets, Yahshua changes the dynamic from hostility to a household pet. He is telling a parable about table etiquette: the Master’s children (Israel) must be fed the main meal first before the household pets (the Gentiles) receive their portion. (see also faith of the gentile centurion – Mat 8:5-13)

 Does this offend you, dear gentile brothers and sisters? -Mat 11:6  “And blessed is he who does not stumble in Me.”  - or is offended in me – after all our Messiah is a Rock of offence to many.

Rom 9:33  As it has been written, “See, I lay in Tsiyon a Stone of stumbling and a Rock that makes for falling,(offense) and everyone who is believing on Him shall not be put to shame.” Isa_8:14, Isa_28:16.

Mat 11:6  “And blessed is he who does not stumble (offended) in Me.” 

 Imagine worshipping and serving “Jesus” your whole life, only to find out at the that you had the wrong “Jesus” and the wrong Spirit and the wrong gospel - see 2 Cor 11:4

 Although the Book of Hebrews was probably originally addressed to a predominantly Jewish believing community, the assembly of the firstborn, Hebrews 12:23 can reasonably be understood as encompassing both Jewish and Gentile believers (“redeemed donkeys” who belong to Messiah.

 “There shall be one law (Torah achat) for the native and for the stranger (‘’the redeemed donkeys’’) who sojourns among you.” — Exodus 12:49

 Gal 3:28  There is not Yehuḏi nor Greek, there is not slave nor free, there is not male and female, for you are all one in Messiah יהושע. 

Gal 3:29  And if you are of Messiah, then you are seed of Aḇraham, and heirs according to promise. 

 The redemption commanded in Exodus 13:13 is the very foundation of the Hebrew practice known as Pidyon HaBen (פדיון הבן), meaning "Redemption of the Son."

 Numbers 18:16 is particularly important because it provides the practical instruction that became central to the “Pidyon HaBen” - the Redemption of the Firstborn Son, including “redeemed donkeys”.

 “When a father hands five silver coins to a priest during the Pidyon HaBen ceremony today, it is not a donation or a symbolic christening. It is a legal transaction. The father is saying:

"I recognize that this boy's life belongs to the Creator because of the blood of the Passover. I am handing over the legal silver ransom to discharge his debt of temple service, buying him out of the priesthood so he can live as a free citizen in the commonwealth of Israel."

 There is only one way a Jew or gentile can become joined to Messiah?

 Joh 3:36  “He who believes in the Son possesses everlasting life, but he who does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of Elohim remains on him.” 

 Someone can intellectually "believe" in the Messiah but not be "born from above" because they lack the obedience that proves the seed (Torah) has taken root in their hearts.

 The source of spiritual rebirth is found in Jn 3:3 it is been “born from above” (Gk – “anothen”)

The evidence of been born from above is found  when the perfect imperishable seed of the Torah (1 Pet 1:23) has been planted and is flourishing in your life (see the parable of the sower (Mat 13)

 Every time the Torah is read publicly in a synagogue service, a specific blessing is recited upon its conclusion:

"...Who gave us the Torah of truth, and planted eternal life within us." (Chayei olam natah betochenu)

 This is the “renewed covenant reality” Heb 12:23 - the entire gathering and assembly (Kehelah) of the first-born which have received and nurtured the imperishable seed of the Torah in their hearts – 1 Pet 1:23.

Heb 12:22  But you have drawn near to Mount Tsiyon and to the city of the living Elohim, to the heavenly Yerushalayim, to myriads of messengers, Heb 12:23  to the entire gathering and assembly of the first-born having been enrolled in heaven, and to Elohim the Judge of all, and to the spirits of righteous men made perfect,  

 The Greek word used for "made perfect" is teteleiōmenōn (from teleioō), which appears here as a perfect passive participle. [1]

The Perfect Tense in Greek denotes an action that was fully completed in the past, but has ongoing, permanent results in the present.

The Passive Voice means the action was done to the believer by an outside force (YHVH), not earned by the believer

The Book of Hebrews masterfully balances this "already" with the "not yet." While your standing is perfect, your earthly journey requires endurance.

 The most striking detail of [Hebrews 12:22] is the verb tense. It does not say "you will one day go" to the New Jerusalem. It states, "you have come" (Greek: proselēlythate—a past-tense action with ongoing, present consequences). [1, 2, 3, 4]

 1Jn 3:9  Everyone having been born of Elohim does not sin, because His seed stays in him, and he is powerless to sin, because he has been born of Elohim.

From a Hebraic Roots (HR) perspective, there is a profound connection between 1 John 3:9 and Romans 8:4.

In the Hebraic Roots paradigm, the "seed" (sperma) that remains inside the believer is directly equated with the Torah being written into the heart – Jer 31:33

 This week’s Torah portion confirms our teaching: Ex 13:1-14:14

Consecration of the Firstborn

Exo 13:1  And יהוה spoke to Mosheh, saying, 

Exo 13:2  “Set apart to Me (קדשׁ־לי) all the first-born, the one opening the womb among the children of Yisra’ěl, among man and among beast, it is Mine.” 

The Feast of Unleavened Bread

Exo 13:3  And Mosheh said to the people, “Remember this day in which you went out of Mitsrayim, out of the house of slavery. For by strength of hand יהוה brought you out of this place, and whatever is leavened shall not be eaten. 

 In the Apostiolic scriptures, "leaven" (yeast) is used as a metaphor for Torah disobedience.

 1Jn 3:4  Everyone doing sin also does lawlessness, and sin is lawlessness. (Torahlessness) ie an ongoing lifestyle of Torah disobedience – including sabbaths, appointments, dietary laws etc etc

 Because a tiny pinch of yeast (Torahlessness) silently permeates and transforms an entire batch of dough, the Apostolic scriptures warn that even a small amount of tolerated sin (Torahlessness) which defines false teaching will quickly defile an entire life in a believing community –

Gal 5:9  A little leaven leavens all the lump. 

 Isa 8:20  To the Torah and to the witness! If they do not speak according to this Word, it is because they have no daybreak.a Footnote: aOr light. 

 Rom 7:13 – the Torah was given to show us the exceeding sinfulness of sin – and our desperate need of One who would redeem us from our sin and enable us to walk in the righteousness of the Torah - Rom 8:4 not by our flesh but by His Spirit.

 Exo 13:4  “Today you are going out, in the new moon Aḇiḇ. 

 “Understanding how the ancient Palestinian Torah cycle operated opens a fascinating window into the synagogue world of the Second Temple period and the New Testament era. When Yahshua stood up to read in the synagogues of Galilee (as described in Luke 4:16), he was almost certainly interacting with this multi-year Palestinian reading tradition.

The historical layout of the spring start in Aviv (Nisan) and the specific Sedarim (Torah portions) read during that season show a beautiful synchronization of scripture and the appoijntments.

 Exo 13:5  “And it shall be, when יהוה brings you into the land of the Kena‛anites, and the Ḥittites, and the Amorites, and the Ḥiwwites, and the Yeḇusites, which He swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, that you shall keep this service in this new moon. 

Exo 13:6  “Seven days you eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day is a festival to יהוה. 

Exo 13:7  “Unleavened bread is to be eaten the seven days, and whatever is leavened is not to be seen with you, and leaven is not to be seen with you within all your border. 

Exo 13:8  “And you shall inform your son in that day, saying, ‘It is because of what יהוה did for me when I came up from Mitsrayim.’ 

 In a future Passover YHVH will deliver Israel – YHVH’s first born -  “Exo 4:22  “And you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus said יהוה, “Yisra’ěl is My son, My first-born” -  ועדת הבכורים those born from above, not by the will of man, but by the calling and choosing of YHVH, those grafted into Israel.

 Exo 13:9  “And it shall be as a sign to you on your hand and as a reminder between your eyes, that the Torah of יהוה is to be in your mouth, for with a strong hand יהוה has brought you out of Mitsrayim. 

Exo 13:10  “And you shall guard this law at its appointed time from year to year. 

Exo 13:11  “And it shall be, when יהוה brings you into the land of the Kena‛anites, as He swore to you and your fathers, and gives it to you, 

 Deu 6:8  and shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. Deu 6:9  “And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. 

 In last day studies, many scholars note a striking structural parallel between the placement of tefillin and the Mark of the Beast in Revelation 13:16.

The Right Hand and Forehead: The book of Revelation states that the enemy forces people to receive a mark on their right hand or their foreheads to buy, sell, or function in the global world system. (Commandments to wear “tefillin” (Deuteronomy 6:8 and 11:18) Ex 13 vs 9 and vs 16)

 Exo 13:12  that you shall give over to יהוה every one opening the womb, and every first-born that comes from your livestock, the males belong to יהוה. 

Exo 13:13  “But every first-born of a donkey you are to ransom with a lamb. And if you do not ransom it, then you shall break its neck. And every first-born of man among your sons you are to ransom. 

Exo 13:14  “And it shall be, when your son asks you in time to come, saying, ‘What is this?’ then you shall say to him, ‘By strength of hand יהוה brought us out of Mitsrayim, out of the house of bondage. 

Exo 13:15  ‘And it came to be, when Pharaoh was too hardened to let us go, that יהוה killed every first-born in the land of Mitsrayim, both the first-born of man and the first-born of beast. Therefore, I am slaughtering to יהוה every male that opens the womb, but every first-born of my sons I ransom.’ 

 In the “second exodus” YHVH will destroy every religious system that opposes His Renewed Covenant) Jer 31:33 – the Torah in our hearts.

 Exo 13:16  “And it shall be as a sign on your hand and as frontlets between your eyes, for by strength of hand יהוה brought us out of Mitsrayim.” 

Pillars of Cloud and Fire

Exo 13:17  And it came to be, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that Elohim did not lead them by way of the land of the Philistines, though that was nearer, for Elohim said, “Lest the people regret when they see fighting, and return to Mitsrayim.” 

 YHVH lovingly chooses the safer, indirect path for our lives instead of the shortest route because He anticipates unseen spiritual and physical battles that we are not yet ready to face

 According to widespread Rabbinic tradition (Midrash), a large clan from the Tribe of Ephraim attempted an armed escape from Egypt 30 years before the actual Exodus led by Moses

 Believing the time of exile had officially expired, tens of thousands of armed Ephraimites took matters into their own hands and broke out of Egypt without a divine mandate or a leader appointed by God

 They took the coastal route toward Canaan and encountered the Philistines near the city of Gath. Because they relied entirely on human calculations and physical strength rather than divine timing, they were overwhelmingly defeated. Rabbinic texts estimate that between 180 000 and 300 000 Ephraimite men of war were slaughtered, and their bones were left bleaching in the valley

 There are major theological and historical frameworks where the Tribe of Ephraim is equated with Christianity or the Gentile Church. This connection shows up across mainstream biblical typology, Eastern Orthodox theology, and modern fringe movements, though they interpret the connection very differently.

 Mainstream biblical theologians often view Ephraim as a prophetic prototype for the Church through the lens of redemptive history

In the Old Testament, the Northern Kingdom of Israel was frequently called simply "Ephraim" because it was the dominant tribe. Because of systemic idolatry, God eventually stripped Ephraim of its kingdom privileges and scattered the people among the nations

 A powerful linguistic bridge exists between Jacob's blessing over the historical Ephraim and the Apostle Paul's description of the Gentile church.

The Blessing: In Genesis 48:19, Jacob intentionally blesses the younger Ephraim over the older Manasseh, prophesying that Ephraim’s descendants would become a melo ha-goyim—literally translated as "the fullness of the nations" or "the fullness of the Gentiles

The New Testament Echo: In Romans 11:25, Paul uses this exact phrase, writing that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the "fullness of the Gentiles" (pleroma ton ethnon) has come in. [1]

 There is a distinct, specialized group of Messianic Jewish, Torah-Observant, and Hebrew Roots scholars who explicitly link the "fullness of the Gentiles" (Romans 11:25) to those who embrace what James 1:25 calls the "perfect law of liberty" (the Torah)

 When Jacob blessed Ephraim in Genesis 48:19, he prophesied that Ephraim's seed would become a melo ha-goyim—the fullness of the nations/Gentiles.

Torah-observant scholars argue that the Apostle Paul (a Pharisee trained under Gamaliel) was explicitly quoting Genesis 48 when he wrote Romans 11:25. [1]

Thus, "the fullness of the Gentiles" does not simply mean a generic headcount of non-Jews filling up a church bench. Instead, it refers to the scattered, global descendants of Israel (and the nations grafted in with them) finally returning to their ancestral roots. [1, 2]

The Ultimate Synthesis

When these two concepts are merged, this specific school of scholars concludes that:

The "Fullness of the Gentiles" is the prophetic realization of people from all nations abandoning pagan world systems.

They "come into" Israel's covenant, not by legalistically trying to earn salvation, but by discovering that the Torah is not a burden of legalism, but a lifestyle of perfect freedom and liberty when lived through the Set Apart Spirit.

 Exo 13:18  So Elohim led the people around by way of the wilderness of the Sea of Reeds. And the children of Yisra’ěl went up in fivesa from the land of Mitsrayim. Footnote: aMarching formation.

 Exo 13:19  And Mosheh took the bones of Yosěph with him, for he certainly made the children of Yisra’ěl swear, saying, “Elohim shall certainly visit you, and you shall bring my bones from here with you.” 

 "By faith Joseph, when his end was near, spoke about the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt and gave instructions concerning his bones."Heb 11:22 connecting apostolic writings to the torah

To New Covenant Christians, this is a massive spiritual lesson: of all the grand achievements in Joseph's life—ruling Egypt, saving the world from famine, accumulating vast wealth—the Set Apart Spirit selects his refusal to be buried permanently in Egypt as his crowning act of faith.

 Exo 13:20  And they departed from Sukkoth and camped in Ětham at the edge of the wilderness. 

Exo 13:21  And יהוה went before them by day in a column of cloud to lead the way, and by night in a column of fire to give them light, so as to go by day and night. 

Exo 13:22  The column of cloud did not cease by day, nor the column of fire by night, before the people. 

Crossing the Red Sea

Exo 14:1  And יהוה spoke to Mosheh, saying, 

Exo 14:2  “Speak to the children of Yisra’ěl, that they turn and camp before Pi Haḥiroth, between Miḡdol and the sea, opposite Ba‛al Tsephon – camp before it by the sea. 

Exo 14:3  “For Pharaoh shall say of the children of Yisra’ěl, ‘They are entangled in the land, the wilderness has closed them in.’ 

Exo 14:4  “And I shall strengthen the heart of Pharaoh, and he shall pursue them. But I am to be esteemed through Pharaoh and over all his army, and the Mitsrites shall know that I am יהוה.” And they did so. 

Exo 14:5  And it was reported to the sovereign of Mitsrayim that the people had fled, and the heart of Pharaoh and his servants was turned against the people. And they said, “Why have we done this, that we have let Yisra’ěl go from serving us?” 

Exo 14:6  So he made his chariot ready and took his people with him. 

Exo 14:7  And he took six hundred choice chariots, and all the chariots of Mitsrayim with officers over all of them. 

Exo 14:8  And יהוה strengthened the heart of Pharaoh sovereign of Mitsrayim, and he pursued the children of Yisra’ěl, but the children of Yisra’ěl went out defiantly. 

Exo 14:9  And the Mitsrites pursued them, and all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, and his horsemen and his army, and overtook them camping by the sea beside Pi Haḥiroth, before Ba‛al Tsephon. 

Exo 14:10  And when Pharaoh drew near, the children of Yisra’ěl lifted their eyes and saw the Mitsrites coming up after them. And they were greatly afraid, so the children of Yisra’ěl cried out to יהוה. 

Exo 14:11  And they said to Mosheh, “Did you take us away to die in the wilderness because there are no burial-sites in Mitsrayim? What is this you have done to us, to bring us up out of Mitsrayim? 

Exo 14:12  “Is this not the word that we spoke to you in Mitsrayim, saying, ‘Leave us alone and let us serve the Mitsrites?’ For it would have been better for us to serve the Mitsrites than to die in the wilderness.” 

Exo 14:13  And Mosheh said to the people, “Do not be afraid. Stand still, and see the deliverance of יהוה, which He does for you today. For the Mitsrites whom you see today, you are never, never to see again. 

Exo 14:14  “יהוה does fight for you, and you keep silent.” 

 Amo 5:13  Therefore the wise keep silent at that time, for it is an evil time. 

 Blessed are you YHVH, our Elohim, King of the Universe, you have given us your Torah of truth and have planted everlasting life within our midst. Blessed are you, YHVH giver of the Torah – Amein.

  

What Really Happened to Nicodemus After He Buried Jesus?

 

10/08/2026

Parashat 15 Portion 58 ‘’Bo’’ Ex 12:29-51- Micah 7:15

 Please, YHVH, our Elohim, sweeten the words of Your Torah in our hearts and in the hearts of Your people, the family of Israel. May we and our offspring and the offspring of Your people, the household of Jacob – know Your Name and study Your Torah, for the sake of Your Torah- empowering us to sincerely love one another and to love You above all. Please uncover our eyes and open our hearts that we may carefully examine and understand the marvels and mysteries of Your Torah- Amein.

Shabbat Shalom.

ויהי בחצי – ‘’and it came to be at mid…’’

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

Exo 12:29  And it came to be at midnight that יהוה struck all the first-born in the land of Mitsrayim, from the first-born of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the first-born of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the first-born of livestock.

 Exo 12:30  And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants, and all the Mitsrites. And there was a great cry in Mitsrayim, for there was not a house where there was not a dead one. 

 

Matthew 25:6 — the bridegroom comes at midnight - ויהי בחצות הלילה (exact same phrase)

Exodus 12:29 — the firstborn in Egypt are struck at midnight.

 Exodus 12 is followed by the departure of Israel from Egypt.

Matthew 25 ends with the separation of those who are prepared from those who are not, followed by judgment. (context of Mt 24)

 Yahshua uses the wedding theme—a standard Old Testament metaphor for YHVH's covenantal relationship with Israel/Yakov and places it at midnight to signal that the "Final Exodus" (the ultimate Messianic redemption) will take place in exactly the same way as the First Exodus.

 ‘’The Symbolic Meaning: In both accounts, midnight represents the absolute limit of human control. It is the ultimate "human blindspot." Redemption arrives not when humanity is active and watching, but at the hour of deepest vulnerability, demanding that one's inner preparation (symbolized by the oil in the lamps) be completed before the darkness sets in.

 Matthew 24:36 / 25:13

("But of that day and hour no one knows...") and the ancient Rabbinic understanding of Exodus 12:29 – was the concept of the "Unknown Certainty." וַדָּאוּת בִּלְתִּי נוֹדַעַת

An "Unknown Certainty" is a paradox where an event's occurrence is 100% absolute and guaranteed, yet the precise timing or manner of its arrival remains completely hidden from human knowledge.

 Do you know your exact location and circumstances of that final ‘’mid night’’?

 The concept of the "Unknown Certainty" is perfectly brought to life in the ancient Jewish wedding tradition (Nissu'in) of the first century. It provides the exact cultural framework Yahshua used to construct the Parable of the Ten Virgins.

 In that era, a wedding was not scheduled with a formal calendar invitation or a specific time on a clock. Instead, it operated as a beautiful, tension-filled waiting game.

In Jewish thought, midnight cannot be predicted by watching the sky—it can only be prepared for by having your lamps filled before the sun goes down. The "unknown hour" means calculation is impossible; the "midnight cry" means readiness is mandatory.

 The bride does not sit around trying to calculate the bridegroom father's construction schedule; she simply keeps the oil filled and the lamp burning. (a place has been prepared for the wedding couple)

 If our dear gentile brothers and sisters paid attention to this sidra, 90% of all their “end time” speculation in their videos and teachings would disappear from You tube and the internet.

 To a listener steeped in the Hebrew scriptures and oral traditions, oil (Shemen) represents the accumulated merit of Torah study, personal character, and good deeds (Mitzvot)

 We are not saved by these, it is because we are saved and the evidence that we have are been saved that we do these things.

 By defining oil this way, the Sages perfectly explain why the wise virgins could not share their oil with the foolish ones at midnight: spiritual readiness is strictly non-transferable

 A classic Rabbinic parable from the Sages (Midrash Mishlei) provides an identical parallel:

A king invited his servants to a banquet but did not specify the hour [The Unknown Certainty]. The wise servants dressed immediately and waited at the palace gate. The foolish servants assumed they had time and went back to their daily work. Suddenly, the king called them in. The wise entered in their clean, wedding garments; the foolish entered covered in dirt. The king rejoiced with the prepared but excluded the unprepared.

 Midrash Mishlei, this precise parable originally appears in the Babylonian Talmud (Shabbat 153a) where it is attributed directly to Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai. [1, 2]

The source most probably quoted by Yahshua.

 You cannot borrow someone else’s intimacy with YHVH. You cannot borrow another person's character, their years of prayer, or their history of hidden good deeds. At the midnight hour of judgment, you stand solely on the oil inside your own vessel.

 For both Chazal (Sages) and the author of Matthew, the lesson of the oil is simple: External rituals (the lamp) are useless in the dark without internal righteousness (the oil).

 Romans 8:4 serves as the perfect theological bridge that ties this entire study together - from the scribal break at Exodus 12:29, through the Sages’s view of midnight, to the parable of the lamps and oil.

Paul writes: "...so that the righteousness of the Torah should be completed in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit."

This verse explains the exact spiritual dynamics of how a person accumulates the "oil" necessary to survive the midnight cry of the "Unknown Certainty."

 However, Paul’s argument throughout Romans is that human effort alone operating "according to the flesh" - is like trying to keep a lamp burning with no actual oil source; human capacity is too tiny, weak, and limited, much like the 2-hour burn time of those small Herodian clay lamps.

 Romans 8:4 introduces the ultimate solution: The Set Apart Spirit (Ruach HaKodesh) becomes the infinite, internal reservoir of oil. When a person walks "according to the Spirit," the righteousness that the Torah demands is naturally and organically "completed" (fulfilled) inside them. The Spirit generates the internal righteousness that human flesh never could.

 In the Parable of the Ten Virgins, when the midnight delay dragged on, the virgins ceased to walk—they sat down, slumbered, and slept because their natural, physical energy failed them (Matthew 25:5) This was an extremely desperate and vulnerable time.

In Romans 8:4, Paul contrasts those who live by the temporary, failing energy of the "flesh" with those who walk continuously by the unceasing power of the Spirit.

To "walk according to the Spirit" means that even when the night gets dark, and even when the Messiah seems to delay past human calculations, your spiritual lamp does not run dry. You are plugged into an eternal flask of oil.

 As the Sages taught, midnight is the razor-thin boundary line where absolute judgment (Gevurah) and absolute mercy (Chesed) meet. The parable mirrors this exact split-second separation at the midnight cry:

The Wise Virgins experience immediate Chesed (favour and intimacy), entering the wedding feast with the bridegroom.

The Foolish Virgins face immediate Gevurah (judgment and exclusion), returning to a closed door and hearing the terrifying words, "I do not know you."
Like the passing over of Jewish homes and the striking of Egyptian ones at midnight, the midnight arrival in Matthew functions as an absolute, instantaneous sorting mechanism.

 Exo 12:31  Then he called for Mosheh and Aharon by night, and said, “Arise, go out from the midst of my people, both you and the children of Yisra’ěl. And go, serve יהוה as you have said. 

Exo 12:32  “Take both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go. Then you shall bless me too.” 

 Pharaoh frantically surrenders to Moses and Aaron in the dead of night, telling them to take the Israelites and all their cattle and go. He concludes his command with a highly striking phrase: "וּבֵרַכְתֶּם גַּם אֹתִי" ("and may you bring a blessing upon me also").

 Pharoah has three ulterior motives and so will the end time “tachat Moshiach” anti christ:

1.Saving His Own Life (The Firstborn Status)

2.A Subtle Bid to Maintain Equality with the El of Israel - He ended the verse by asking them to bless "גַּם אֹתִי" (also me). Pharoah’s God complex had made him completely delusional.

3. Desperately trying to save his kingdom from complete destruction.

 For Sedra 58 (Exodus 12:29–51), which begins with the words "ויהי בחצי" (Vayehi bachatzi - "And it came to pass at midnight..."), the ancient synagogues selected Micah 7:15–20 or Isaiah 21:11–12 as the corresponding Haftarah readings.

 The Textual Hook: Micah 7:15 states: "As in the days of your departure from the land of Egypt, I will show him marvelous things." (  גל־עיני ואביטה נפלאות מתורתך׃) Ps 119:18

 The Exodus

Exo 12:33  And the Mitsrites were strong on the people, to hasten to send them away out of the land. For they said, “We are all dying!” 

Exo 12:34  And the people took their dough before it was leavened, having their kneading bowls bound up in their garments on their shoulders. 

Exo 12:35  And the children of Yisra’ěl had done according to the word of Mosheh, and they had asked from the Mitsrites objects of silver, and objects of gold, and garments. 

Exo 12:36  And יהוה gave the people favour in the eyes of the Mitsrites, so that they gave them what they asked, and they plundered the Mitsrites. 

 ‘’While "plundered" sounds like a violent act of war, the text explicitly reveals that it was a peaceful transfer of massive wealth, driven entirely by divine favour and Egyptian panic”

 Exo 12:37  And the children of Yisra’ěl set out from Ra‛meses to Sukkoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides the little ones. 

Exo 12:38  And a mixed multitude went up with them too, also flocks and herds, very much livestock. 

 ‘’To calculate the makeup of the Israelite camp using 600,000 adult men (Exodus 12:37) and 22,273 firstborn sons (Numbers 3:43), you run into a famous mathematical riddle that has fascinated biblical commentators and demographers for centuries.

Taking these numbers literally yields a massive disproportion: 600,000 men divided by 22,273 firstborns equals roughly 27 adult men per family.

If every family has roughly the same number of women and children, it implies an average family size of 60 to 80 people per mother, which is biologically impossible. To resolve this puzzle and calculate the actual makeup of the camp, scholars use three main demographic frameworks:

 The "Womb-Opening" Strict Definition (The Rabbinic View)

The primary way classical commentators (like the Talmud in Sanhedrin 69a) resolve this math is by narrowing who qualified as a "firstborn" (bekhor). In Jewish law, a firstborn son had to be the first child born to the mother ("whatever opens the womb").
If you factor in the following biological realities of the ancient world, the number of families increases drastically:

Firstborn Girls: Statistically, 50% of all first children born to a mother are female. They do not count toward the 22,273 male firstborn count. (Cuts the math in half).

Miscarriages/Stillbirths: If a woman’s very first pregnancy resulted in a miscarriage or stillbirth, any subsequent son she had was not legally a firstborn because he did not "open the womb."

Polygyny: In a society where men could have multiple wives, a single father with 600,000 peers could have 2, 3, or 4 wives. Each wife's firstborn son counted as a firstborn, but they all belonged to the household of just one adult man.

The Calculation Breakdown:

When you adjust for firstborn daughters, miscarriages, and polygamous family structures, the 22,273 firstborns represent a much larger pool of actual families—closer to 60,000–80,000 mothers raising children at that specific moment.’’

 Exo 12:39  And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they had brought out of Mitsrayim, for it was not leavened, since they were driven out of Mitsrayim, and had not been able to delay, nor had they prepared food for themselves. (it had to be dry and cracker-like)

Exo 12:40  And the sojourn of the children of Yisra’ěl who lived in Mitsrayim was four hundred and thirty years. 

Exo 12:41  And it came to be at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, on that same day it came to be that all the divisions of יהוה went out from the land of Mitsrayim. 

Exo 12:42  It is a night of watches unto יהוה for bringing them out of the land of Mitsrayim. This is that night of watches unto יהוה, for all the children of Yisra’ěl throughout their generations. 

Institution of the Passover

Exo 12:43  And יהוה said to Mosheh and Aharon, “This is the law of the Pěsaḥ: No son of a stranger is to eat of it, 

Exo 12:44  but any servant a man has bought for silver, when you have circumcised him, then let him eat of it. 

Exo 12:45  “A sojourner and a hired servant does not eat of it. 

Exo 12:46  “It is eaten in one house, you are not to take any of the flesh outside the house, nor are you to break any bone of it. 

Exo 12:47  “All the congregation of Yisra’ěl are to perform it. 

Exo 12:48  “And when a stranger sojourns with you and shall perform the Pěsaḥ to יהוה, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and perform it, and he shall be as a native of the land. But let no uncircumcised eat of it. 

Exo 12:49  “There is one Torah for the native-born and for the stranger who sojourns among you.” 

Exo 12:50  And all the children of Yisra’ěl did as יהוה commanded Mosheh and Aharon, so they did. 

Exo 12:51  And it came to be on that same day that יהוה brought the children of Yisra’ěl out of the land of Mitsrayim according to their divisions. 

 To a Hebrew Roots believer, the events of Exodus 12:29–51 are not merely historical facts; they are a literal, prophetic blueprint for the End Times. They view the "Last Days" through the lens of a "Greater Exodus."

Here is how HR believers see these specific midnight events unfolding in the near future:

1. The Passover Pattern of the Great Tribulation

In Hebrew Roots theology, the final years of this age will directly mirror Israel's experience in Egypt

The original 10 plagues were a local judgment on Egypt, but the Book of Revelation describes a global rerun of those exact plagues (hail, darkness, blood, pestilence)

The Protection for believers: Just as Israel remained inside Egypt during the plagues but was physically protected within the borders of Goshen, HR believers generally expect to live through the Great Tribulation. They do not subscribe to a traditional pre-tribulation rapture; instead, they believe they must be physically prepared to endure the darkness under YHVH's supernatural protection, just like the Hebrews before midnight

2. The Definition of the "Oil": Keeping Torah

When interpreting the Parable of the Ten Virgins (Matthew 25), the Hebrew Roots Movement defines the "oil" very explicitly. In mainstream Christianity, oil is almost exclusively defined as the Holy Spirit. However, HR teachers blend the Spirit with action: oil is the practical lifestyle of Torah obedience

The Lamps: The lamps represent all believers who claim to follow Messiah

The Flasks of Oil: The wise virgins are those who didn't just accept the Messiah but diligently kept the Sabbath, ate clean, and guarded the biblical feasts

The Foolish Virgins: They are viewed as those who practiced lawlessness (Torah-lessness). When the "Unknown Certainty" of the midnight cry sounds, those who abandoned the Torah will find their lamps empty, and the door to the Messianic Wedding Feast will be shut against them

3. The Literal "Midnight" Messianic Return

They believe the second coming of Messiah (Yahshua) will occur on Passover night, specifically at the midnight watch

They expect the final "Anti-Messiah" (foreshadowed by Pharaoh) to experience sudden, catastrophic destruction at the exact moment of midnight. While mainstream Christianity treats "a thief in the night" as a completely unmapped metaphor, HR theology suggests that if you are keeping the biblical calendar, you will know exactly what night to keep your lamp burning bright.

4. The Fulfillment of the Prophetic Readings (The Greater Exodus)

Finally, HR eschatology looks directly at the ancient Triennial Haftarah readings like Micah 7:15 ("As in the days of your departure from Egypt, I will show him marvelous things") as a promise of a global gathering.

They believe that when the midnight judgment strikes the global system, Yeshua will execute a worldwide "Regathering of the Lost Tribes of Israel." Believers from all over the earth will be supernaturally brought back out of the modern nations ("Egypt") to inherit the Promised Land, establishing the Millennial Kingdom on Earth.

At the absolute centre of the Millennial world order sits the fully restored, unified nation of Israel, ruling from Jerusalem.

The Hebrew Roots Perspective: HRM teachers heavily emphasize the physical fulfillment of Ezekiel’s "Two Sticks" prophecy (Ezekiel 37), where the House of Judah (ethnic Jews) and the long-scattered House of Israel/Ephraim (ten lost tribes) are physically reunited. Alongside them are the Gentile believers grafted into the commonwealth of Israel via faith in Jesus (Yahshua), as outlined in Romans 11. In HRM theology, this entire combined group is legally considered "Israel." They receive resurrected or glorified bodies at the start of the Millennium, serve as kings and priests.

The Scholarly Perspective: Biblical scholars note that Hebrew prophets (like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel) wrote from a geopolitical worldview cantered on Jerusalem. In these texts, Israel is vindicated, elevated above all global empires, and acts as the spiritual hub of the earth. Scholars identify that the text places the covenant people in the inner circle of divine favour, acting as mediators between YHVH and the rest of the planet.

The Surrounding Global Population: The Gentile Nations

Outside of the immortal covenant core, the rest of the earth will be populated by natural, mortal human beings belonging to the various Gentile nations. These are the survivors of the Tribulation and the nations that did not actively wage war against Jerusalem (or those who repented).

Both scholars and HRM teachers point to specific prophetic markers to describe this outer group:

Mortal Existences: These Gentiles will live standard, mortal lives. They will also marry, have children, farm, but face natural death, though life expectancies will be drastically extended (Isaiah 65:20 states that a person who dies at 100 years old will be considered a mere youth).

Subject to the "Rod of Iron": The nations will still possess free will and the capacity to sin. Consequently, the Messiah will rule them firmly. Zechariah 14:16–19 explicitly states that if any Gentile nation (such as Egypt) refuses to travel to Jerusalem to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), YHVH will punish them by withholding rain from their lands.

The Ultimate Rebellion: The existence of massive,  population explains the final plot point of the Millennium in Revelation 20:7–8. At the end of the 1,000 years, Satan is released and successfully deceives "the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog," gathering a massive host of mortal rebels for one final, failed assault against the camp of the Set Apart ones.

The Sukkot Connection: The Wedding Canopy (Chuppah)

Describes the physical manifestation of the marriage covenant using Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot) language. In Isaiah 4:5-6, YHVH promises that over the assembly of Zion, there will be a cloud of smoke by day and a fire by night, and over all the glory will be a "canopy" (Chuppah).

In Jewish tradition, a chuppah is the wedding canopy under which a bride and groom exchange vows to seal their marriage covenant.

Blessed are you YHVH, our Elohim, King of the Universe, you have given us your Torah of truth and have planted everlasting life within our midst. Blessed are you, YHVH giver of the Torah – Amein.

10/02/2026

Parashat 15 Portion 57 ‘’Bo’’ Ex 11:1 -12:28 Haggai 2:6-15 + 23 (during Sukkot)

 Please, YHVH, our Elohim, sweeten the words of Your Torah in our hearts and in the hearts of Your people, the family of Israel. May we and our offspring and the offspring of Your people, the household of Jacob – know Your Name and study Your Torah, for the sake of Your Torah- empowering us to sincerely love one another and to love You above all. Please uncover our eyes and open our hearts that we may carefully examine and understand the marvels and mysteries of Your Torah- Amein.

Shabbat Shalom.

עוד נגע אחד

A Final Plague Threatened

 Exo 11:1  And יהוה said to Mosheh, “I am bringing yet one more plague (עוד נגע אחד) on Pharaoh and on Mitsrayim. After that he is going to let you go from here. When he lets you go, he shall drive you out from here altogether. 

 These events will be repeated in a similar way in the last days – because the same demonic gods that inspired and enabled the chaos and destruction in Egypt will return in the last days to do the same.

 ‘’In his book ‘’The Return of the Gods ‘’ Jonathan Cahn maps out the "Dark Trinity" of specific ancient deities - Cahn focuses heavily on three ancient Mesopotamian/Canaanite deities, mapping their ancient attributes to modern-day cultural movements’’

‘’The Book of Revelation provides strong, foundational support for this kind of thinking. Jonathan Cahn’s worldview aligns directly with a core spiritual framework found in apocalyptic literature: the belief that physical geopolitics are deeply intertwined with, and controlled by, unseen cosmic and demonic principalities.’’

 In the ancient Triennial and Septennial Torah-reading cycles, the division of the text into Sedarim (portions) was deliberately designed to isolate a complete narrative that ‘’connects the dots’’ and makes sense from the introduction of the portion to its conclusion, highlighting prophetic turning points.

 The motivation for the ancient scribes to start Seder 51 (Portion 57) at Exodus 11:1 with the phrase "עוד נגע אחד" (Od nega echad / "One more plague") comes down to a few key structural and thematic strategies:

 1. Marking the Transition from Warning to Execution

In the preceding chapters, Moses and Pharaoh engage in a repetitive, exhausting cycle of negotiations, plagues, and hardening hearts. At the end of Exodus 10, this cycle completely breaks down when Pharaoh threatens Moses with death if they ever meet again ("See my face no more").

Starting a new portion precisely at Exodus 11:1 cleanly separates the narrative of the first nine plagues from the final, decisive blow. It shifts the atmosphere from ongoing judgment to imminent redemption.

 2. Isolating the Passover Foundation

In these reading cycles, portions are much shorter than the standard annual cycle, usually spanning only a chapter or two. Beginning at Exodus 11:1 allows this entire portion to serve as a structurally unified block that leads directly into Exodus 12 and the institution of the first Passover (Pesach)

 The Announcement: Exodus 11 predicts the final plague.

The Preparation: Exodus 12 details the instructions for the lamb, the matzah, and the blood on the doorposts.

By framing the portion around "One more plague," the scribes ensured that the congregation would study the warning, the ritual preparation, and the ultimate salvation as one cohesive lesson.

 3. A Prophetic Hook for the Listener

Ancient Torah readers relied on the opening words of a portion to set the theological theme for the week. Starting with "עוד נגע אחד" functions as a dramatic literary hook. It immediately alerts the community that the climax of the Egyptian exile has arrived. It shifts focus away from Egypt's resistance and firmly onto YHVH's closing decree of freedom. Messianic Scholars also believe these patterns will repeat themselves in the last days - Isa 8:20  To the Torah and to the witness! If they do not speak according to this Word, it is because they have no daybreak.a Footnote: aOr light. 

 By stopping the previous portion at Exodus 10:29 and starting a brand-new section precisely at Exodus 11:1, the scribes isolate the text where YHVH speaks directly and intimately back to Moses. It changes the narrative focus away from Pharaoh's stubbornness and onto YHVH's absolute sovereignty and definitive conclusion. The new portion starts with a promise of absolute victory.


Daily Devo | Hard Questions and Even Harder Hearts (Exodus 11:1-10) – Rom 9:17

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKRkJzo-NjU&t=13s

 Exo 11:1  And יהוה said to Mosheh, “I am bringing yet one more plague on Pharaoh and on Mitsrayim. After that he is going to let you go from here. When he lets you go, he shall drive you out from here altogether. 

Exo 11:2  “Speak now in the hearing of the people, and let every man ask from his neighbour and every woman from her neighbour, objects of silver and objects of gold.” 

 HRT - Hebrew roots teachers argue that just as the first Exodus generation was suddenly funded with the riches of the world's greatest empire, the final generation of believers will experience a massive, supernatural transfer of global wealth. [1, 2] Prov 13:22

 Exo 11:3  And יהוה gave the people favour in the eyes of the Mitsrites. And the man Mosheh was very great in the land of Mitsrayim, in the eyes of Pharaoh’s servants and in the eyes of the people. 

Exo 11:4  And Mosheh said, “Thus said יהוה, ‘About midnight I am going out into the midst of Mitsrayim, 

Exo 11:5  and all the first-born in the land of Mitsrayim shall die, from the first-born of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the first-born of the female servant who is behind the handmill, and all the first-born of cattle. 

Exo 11:6  ‘And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Mitsrayim, such as has never been or ever shall be again. 

‘’In ancient Egypt, the reigning Pharaoh was not merely a ruler; he was worshipped as the literal earthly incarnation of Horus, the sky and falcon god.

 When a Pharaoh died, he became Osiris (god of the underworld), and his firstborn son took the throne to become the next living Horus. [1]

The Theological Strike: By decreeing the death of Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exodus 11:5, Yahweh was targeting the lineage of Horus. The death of the crown prince proved that the supreme deity of Egypt’s pantheon could neither protect his own flesh and blood nor preserve the divine succession of the empire. [1, 2]’’

‘’The End-Time Fulfillment: HRT teachers point out that the Antichrist will attempt to establish a permanent global kingdom (the "Beast system"). The tenth plague guarantees to the end-time generation that the Antichrist's empire is a dead end. He will never be able to produce a lasting, kingly bloodline, and his dominion will be abruptly cut off by the true King.’’

 Exo 11:7  ‘But against any of the children of Yisra’ěl no dog shall move its tongue, against man or against beast, so that you know that יהוה makes distinction between Mitsrayim and Yisra’ěl.’ 

Exo 11:8  “And all these servants of yours shall come down to me and bow down to me, saying, ‘Get out, you and all the people at your feet!’ And after that I shall go out.” And he went out from Pharaoh in great displeasure. 

Exo 11:9  But יהוה said to Mosheh, “Pharaoh is not going to listen to you, in order to multiply My wonders in the land of Mitsrayim.” 

Exo 11:10  And Mosheh and Aharon did all these wonders before Pharaoh, however, יהוה strengthened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not let the children of Yisra’ěl go out of his land. 

 The Intriguing Exception: The 10th Plague

The final plague—the Death of the Firstborn—operated on an entirely different spiritual law. From plague 4-9, the Israelites were protected purely by their geographic location in Goshen.

However, for the 10th plague, Goshen's borders were no longer enough.

YHVH instructed the Israelites that if they wanted to be spared from the destroying angel, they had to actively perform a ritual slaughter a lamb, apply its blood to the doorposts of their homes, and stay inside (Exodus 12:22) – Passover-  Rabbinic tradition notes that because many Israelites had intermingled with Egyptians or adopted Egyptian idolatry over the centuries, their geographic location could not save them from a decree of spiritual judgment. They needed the Blood of a Lamb to establish individual, household protection.

Many biblical scholars connect 1 Corinthians 11 (especially the Lord’s Supper tradition in vv. 23–26) with Passover instructions and themes. This is a well-established line of interpretation, though not universal—some emphasize Greco-Roman banquet customs or other Jewish meals instead – ‘’Easter’’ - comes from Ishtar, the ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love and war.

 This is highly contested amongst Christian theologians.

 The Passover

Exo 12:1  And יהוה spoke to Mosheh and to Aharon in the land of Mitsrayim, saying, 

Exo 12:2  “This new moon is the beginning of new moons for you, it is the first new moon of the year for you. 

Exo 12:3  “Speak to all the congregation of Yisra’ěl, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this new moon each one of them is to take for himself a lamb, according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household. 

Exo 12:4  ‘And if the household is too small for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next to his house take it according to the number of the beings, according to each man’s need you make your count for the lamb. 

Exo 12:5  ‘Let the lamb be a perfect one, a year old male. Take it from the sheep or from the goats. 

Exo 12:6  ‘And you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same new moon. Then all the assembly of the congregation of Yisra’ěl shall slay it between the evenings. 

Exo 12:7  ‘And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses where they eat it. 

Exo 12:8  ‘And they shall eat the flesh on that night, roasted in fire – with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 

Exo 12:9  ‘Do not eat it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but roasted in fire, its head with its legs and its inward parts. 

Exo 12:10  ‘And do not leave of it until morning, and what remains of it until morning you are to burn with fire. 

Exo 12:11  ‘And this is how you eat it: your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it in haste. It is the Pěsaḥa of יהוה. Footnote: aPěsaḥ - See Explanatory notes on the Passover. 

Exo 12:12  ‘And I shall pass through the land of Mitsrayim on that night, and shall strike all the first-born in the land of Mitsrayim, both man and beast. And on all the mighty ones of Mitsrayim I shall execute judgment. I am יהוה. 

Exo 12:13  ‘And the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I shall pass over you, and let the plague not come on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Mitsrayim. 

Exo 12:14  ‘And this day shall become to you a remembrance. And you shall celebrate it as a festival to יהוה throughout your generations – celebrate it as a festival, an everlasting law. 

Exo 12:15  ‘Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. Indeed on the first day you cause leaven to cease from your houses. For whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that being shall be cut off from Yisra’ěl. 

Exo 12:16  ‘And on the first day is a set-apart gathering, and on the seventh day you have a set-apart gathering. No work at all is done on them, only that which is eaten by every being, that alone is prepared by you. 

Exo 12:17  ‘And you shall guard the Festival of Matzot,b for on this same day I brought your divisions out of the land of Mitsrayim. And you shall guard this day throughout your generations, an everlasting law. Footnote: bUnleavened Bread. 

Exo 12:18  ‘In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the new moon, in the evening, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the new moon in the evening. 

Exo 12:19  ‘For seven days no leaven is to be found in your houses, for if anyone eats what is leavened, that same being shall be cut off from the congregation of Yisra’ěl, whether sojourner or native of the land. 

Exo 12:20  ‘Do not eat that which is leavened – in all your dwellings you are to eat unleavened bread.’ ” 

Exo 12:21  And Mosheh called for all the elders of Yisra’ěl and said to them, “Go out and take lambs for yourselves according to your clans, and slay the Pěsaḥ. 

Exo 12:22  “And you shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin, and you, none of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning. 

Exo 12:23  “And יהוה shall pass on to smite the Mitsrites, and shall see the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, and יהוה shall pass over the door and not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to smite you. 

Exo 12:24  “And you shall guard this word as a law for you and your sons, forever. 

Exo 12:25  “And it shall be, when you come to the land which יהוה gives you, as He promised, that you shall guard this service. 

Exo 12:26  “And it shall be, when your children say to you, ‘What does this service mean to you?’ 

Exo 12:27  then you shall say, ‘It is the Pěsaḥ slaughtering of יהוה, who passed over the houses of the children of Yisra’ěl in Mitsrayim when He smote the Mitsrites and delivered our households.’ ” And the people bowed their heads and did obeisance. 

Exo 12:28  And the children of Yisra’ěl went away and did so – as יהוה had commanded Mosheh and Aharon, so they did. 

 Key points of connection with 1 Cor 11:

Paul notes the tradition was received “on the night he was betrayed” (1 Cor 11:23). This aligns with Passover practice (the meal was eaten at night; cf. Exod 12

“Do this in remembrance of me” (ἀνάμνησις): The repeated command to remember echoes Passover’s core memorial purpose (Exod 12–13; Deut 16). Just as the Passover meal recalled the Exodus deliverance, the Pesach recalls Yahshua’s death as the most powerful redemptive act ever known to mankind.

Bread and cup sequence: Breaking bread, the cup “after supper,” and the language of body/blood and new covenant recall elements of the Passover meal structure (including unleavened bread and cups of wine). Some scholars (e.g., Wojciech Kosek) specifically link the “breaking of bread” in 1 Cor 11:24 to the breaking of the afikoman in later Passover Haggadah and rabbinic traditions (Tractate Pesahim), seeing typological continuity.

Paul explicitly calls Yahshua “our Passover lamb” who has been offered (1 Cor 5:7) and draws on Exodus/Passover imagery elsewhere (e.g., 1 Cor 10).

1 Corinthians 11:2–34 forms a continuous discussion of practices when the Kehelah “comes together.” Paul begins by praising the Corinthians for holding to traditions (v. 2), then corrects disorders in worship (head coverings)

Here is Paul’s main argument: When praying or prophesying in a kehelah meeting, men who cover their heads dishonor Messiah, and wives who uncover their heads dishonour their husbands (1 Cor. 11:4–5a). Paul supports that argument with at least six reasons:

  1. The husband-wife relationship should reflect the YHVH - Yahshua relationship with reference to authority and submission (1 Cor. 11:3).
  2. A wife’s uncovering her head is culturally shameful (1 Cor. 11:5b–6).
  3. A man’s covering his head instead of a wife’s covering her head contradicts how YHVH the Creator designed men and women (1 Cor. 11:7–9).
  4. It is a bad testimony to the angels or messengers (1 Cor. 11:10). Qualification to 1 Cor. 11:3–10: Men and women are interdependent (1 Cor. 11:11–12).
  5. It is culturally improper (1 Cor. 11:13–15).
  6. It goes against what Paul and other Assemblies practiced (1 Cor. 11:16).

The writings of Paul, especially regarding woman have created much controversy -it is fair to say that these were customs and not biblical commandments. There were leaders within the believing community who differed from Paul on various issues. Paul even mentions that it was good for such divisions to exist - 1Co 11:19  For there have to be factions even among you, so that the approved ones might be revealed among you. 

It is also very important to note that according to various sources the total number of believers only numbered around 1500 believers – 60 CE

So, just as in the times of Paul so also in our times, there were different leaders with differing views.

We find proof of this in 1 Cor 3 –

1Co 3:1  And I, brothers, was not able to speak to you as to spiritual ones but as to fleshly, as to babes in Messiah. 

1Co 3:2  I fed you with milk and not with solid food, for until now you were not able to receive it, and even now you are still not able, 

1Co 3:3  for you are still fleshly. For since there is envy, and strife, and divisions among you, are you not fleshly and walking according to man? 

1Co 3:4  For when one says, “I am of Sha’ul,” and another, “I am of Apollos,” are you not fleshly? 

1Co 3:5  What then is Apollos, and what is Sha’ul, but servants through whom you believed, as the Master assigned to each? 

1Co 3:6  I planted, Apollos watered, but Elohim was giving growth. 

1Co 3:7  So neither he who plants nor he who waters is any at all, but Elohim who gives the increase. 

1Co 3:8  And he who plants and he who waters are one, and each one shall receive his own reward according to his own labour. 

1Co 3:9  For we are fellow workers of Elohim, you are the field of Elohim, the building of Elohim. 

1Co 3:10  According to the favour of Elohim which was given to me, as a wise master builder I have laid the foundation, and another builds on it. But each one should look how he builds on it. 

1Co 3:11  For no one is able to lay any other foundation except that which is laid, which is יהושע Messiah. 

1Co 3:12  And if anyone builds on this foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw, 

1Co 3:13  each one’s work shall be revealed, for the day shall show it up, because it is revealed by fire. And the fire shall prove the work of each one, what sort it is. 

1Co 3:14  If anyone’s work remains, which he has built on, he shall receive a reward. 

1Co 3:15  If anyone’s work is burned, he shall suffer loss, but he himself shall be saved, but so as through fire. 

 Pauls teaching about woman have been greatly misunderstood:

 The wives played a joint major role with their husbands and not a secondary less important role in establishing the Body of Messiah on earth - However, headship belonged to the men.

Based on the linguistic patterns found in the Hebrew Bible, it is entirely accurate to say that the original biblical blueprint positions a wife as an equal, vital co-bearer of ministry alongside her husband, rather than a secondary or subordinate assistant

The concept of a "helper" who plays a minor, background role is largely a product of historical translation drift. Exploring the Hebrew terminology reveals how a wife's role in joint ministry is both essential and authoritative, even alongside the order of familial headship.

The word traditionally translated as "helper or ezer" in Genesis 2:18 is ‘’ ezer kenegdo’’ (‘’kenegdo – means as standing in front of him)  Far from implying a subordinate assistant, this word carries a heavy connotation of strength, rescue, and intervention.

A wife does not enter ministry to "help her husband fulfill his calling." She enters ministry because the calling itself is a two-person mandate. Without her Ezer strength standing face-to-face with his leadership, the domestic or localized assembly remains incomplete.

Paul illustrates this principle in Rom 16:7

Rom 16:7  Greet Andronikos and Junias, my relatives and my fellow prisoners, who are eminent among the emissaries,(apostles) who also were in Messiah before me. 

Changing the Name: For centuries, Junia's name was controversially altered in later medieval manuscripts and translations to a masculine form, "Junias". Because later church structures struggled with the idea of a female apostle, an "s" was added to turn her into a man on the page. Modern textual scholarship and Roman inscriptions have thoroughly corrected this, proving "Junia" was a very common female name in antiquity. [1, 2]

Note this was a husband wife apostolic team – jointly bearing the ministry of apostles.

Mention is also made of another joint husband and apostolic team in vs 3-5:

Rom 16:3  Greet Priscilla and Aqulas, my fellow workers in Messiah יהושע, 

Rom 16:4  who risked their own necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the assemblies of the nations, 

Rom 16:5  and the assembly that is in their house. Greet my beloved Epainetos, who is the first-fruits of Achaia to Messiah. 

 While Paul reserves the specific word apostolos (in the sense of traveling pioneering emissaries) for Andronicus and Junia in verse 7, church historians and Hebrew Roots scholars view Prisca and Aquila as an equal, apostolic-level missionary team based on several key details: [1, 2, 3, 4]

‘’The Leading Woman: Out of the six times this couple is mentioned across the Apostolic scriptures, Prisca's name is listed first four times. In ancient Greco-Roman and Jewish cultures, listing a wife before her husband was highly unusual. This sequence strongly implies that she was the primary spiritual engine, teacher, or more prominent leader of the two. [1]’’

 We need to seriously reconsider the serious impact that relationships have in establishing YHVH’s Kingdom as well as self examantion before YHVH when partaking of the Passover meal.

 1Co 11:28  But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup. 

1Co 11:29  For the one who is eating and drinking unworthily, eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the body of the Master. 

1Co 11:30  Because of this many are weak and sick among you, and many sleep. 

1Co 11:31  For if we were to examine ourselves, we would not be judged. 

1Co 11:32  But when we are judged, we are disciplined by the Master, that we should not be condemned with the world. 

 As we conclude this week’s Torah portion it will be helpful for us to reflect on the ‘’moedim’’ or YHVH’s appointments He desires to have with His people. They will help us ‘’stay on track.’’

The complete, definitive list of the Moedim (an appointed time, place, or meeting) is laid out in Leviticus 23. They are systematically classified into three distinct categories:

1. The Weekly Appointment

Before listing the annual feasts, YHVH establishes the primary, baseline moed:

The Weekly Sabbath (Shabbat): Set apart from creation, the seventh day is classified as a ‘’mikra ha kodesh’’ or a call to set apartness -this is a sabbath to YHVH in all your dwellings

Lev 23:3  ‘Six days work is done, but the seventh day is a Sabbath of rest, a set-apart gathering. You do no work, it is a Sabbath to יהוה in all your dwellings.

The phrase "in all your dwellings" (בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם - be'khol moshvoteichem) is absolutely central to the command of the Sabbath - this strongly implies that the core execution of the Sabbath is a domestic, local, and family event.

The Sabbath belongs to the home. It is the one set apart appointment where the father/husband functions directly as the spiritual covering and leader of his immediate household, teaching his children and keeping his family rested and set apart.

In Deuteronomy 6:4–9, YHVH lays out the foundational spiritual mandate for the entire nation. Crucially, He does not instruct parents to outsource this education to priests, Levites, or public assemblies. The command is entirely domestic:

"And you shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise up... And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates."

The Messiah was asked what is the greatest commandment of all ? – He quotes the shemah - By citing the opening line, Yahshua brought the weight of the entire immediate context of Deuteronomy 6 with him. In Hebrew textual logic, the opening declaration is inseparable from the verses that immediately follow it: [1]

Mar 12:28  And one of the scribes coming near, hearing them reasoning together, knowing that He had answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the first command of all?” 

Mar 12:29  And יהושע answered him, “The first of all the commands is, ‘Hear, O Yisra’ěl, יהוה our Elohim, יהוה is one. Deu_6:4. 

Mar 12:30  ‘And you shall love יהוה your Elohim with all your heart, and with all your being, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ Deu_6:5. This is the first command. 

Mar 12:31  “And the second, like it, is this, ‘You shall love your neighbour as yourself.’ Lev_19:18. There is no other command greater than these.” 

 

2. The Spring Moedim (Fulfilled by Yeshua's First Coming)

The spring feasts occur in the first biblical month (Nisan) and represent the agricultural barley harvest. Prophetically, they were fulfilled to the exact day by Yahshua during His first coming:

Passover (Pesach): Commemorates the redemption from Egypt by the blood of the lamb. Prophetic fulfillment: The crucifixion of Yahshua as the Lamb of YHVH.

Unleavened Bread (Chag HaMatzot): A seven-day feast focused on removing leaven or sin from our lives.

Firstfruits (Yom HaBikkurim): The presentation of the very first barley sheaf. Prophetic fulfillment: Yahshua's resurrection as the "firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep" (1 Cor 15:20).

Weeks / Pentecost (Shavuot): Occurs 50 days after Firstfruits, celebrating the wheat harvest and the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. Prophetic fulfillment: The outpouring of the Set Apart Spirit (Ruach HaKodesh) in Acts 2.

3. The Fall Moedim (To Be Fulfilled at the Second Coming)

The fall feasts occur in the seventh biblical month (Tishrei) and represent the final fruit harvest. In HRT eschatology, these are classified as prophetic dress rehearsals for the end-time generation and the Second Coming:

Trumpets (Yom Teruah / Rosh Hashanah): A day of horn-blowing and awakening. Prophetic shadow: The gathering of the elect, the resurrection of the saints, and the "last trumpet" announcement of Yahshua's return.

Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur): The most solemn day of fasting, cleansing, and absolute judgment. Prophetic shadow: The final execution of judgment on the Antichrist's system and the absolute purging of sin from the earth.

Tabernacles (Sukkot): A joyful seven-day celebration of dwelling in temporary shelters. Prophetic shadow: The literal return of Messiah to "tabernacle" (dwell) physically among humanity, marking the start of the Millennial Kingdom.

Pauls central mission and ministry was teaching believers how to correctly understand and walk in the fulness of the Torah.

"...our beloved brother Paul also wrote to you according to the wisdom given him... There are some things in them that are hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other Scriptures’’ 2 Pet 3:15-16

HRT teachers argue that the modern church has done exactly what Peter warned against: taking Paul's highly dense, legal arguments out of their original Hebrew context and using them to promote "lawlessness". They assert that if your interpretation of Paul makes him contradict the teachings of Yahshua (who upheld the Torah in Matthew 5:17-19) or the prophets, then you have misunderstood Paul.

Blessed are you YHVH, our Elohim, King of the Universe, you have given us your Torah of truth and have planted everlasting life within our midst. Blessed are you, YHVH giver of the Torah – Amein.