8/24/2012

Parashat 48 – “Shoftim” or ‘Judges’


Devarim/Deut 16:18 -21:9

Yirmeyahu/Jer 1:12  And יהוה said to me, “You have seen well, for I am watching over My word to do it.”
Perhaps a fitting word after last week’s Parasha – Re eh – See!
This Torah portion points us clearly to a time when YHVH will once again appoint “shoftim and shotrim” – “Appoint judges and officers within all your gates” to guide the lives of His Covenant people. In the “olam ha ba” – the age to come - no one will be permitted to do what is ‘right in their own eyes’. 

Even in this age – “olam ha ze” there is a growing remnant – His Bride - that have a passion to walk as our Messiah walked and do what is right in the Eyes of YHVH by observing and walking according to His Covenant – The Torah.
Many believers today are preparing for “heaven” – the Torah teaches us to prepare for the coming Messianic kingdom on earth, where the citizens of the Kingdom will be living and following the practical instruction of the Torah day by day for 1000 years. (Is 2:2-4)

So it is during this time of our Hebrew year that the “Bride to be” once again prepares herself for the second coming of her Messiah.

This past week the “Bride to be” once again observed the appointment of “Rosh Chodesh Elul” -The first day of the sixth Hebrew month also called “Elul” (aleph,lamed,vav,lamed) since Babylonian exile, forms the well -known acronym “ani ledodi ve dodi li” I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine. (Song of Songs 6:3) 

Blessing for the Torah:

Baruch atah YHVH, Eloheynu, Melech ha-O’lam, asher bachar banu m’kol ha-amim,
v’natan lanu eht Torah-to. Baruch atah YHVH, noteyn ha-Torah. Ameyn.”

(Blessed are you, YHVH, our Elohim , King of the Universe,
you have selected us from among all the peoples, and have given us your Torah.
Blessed are you, YHVH, giver of the Torah. Ameyn.)

Torah Readings:
 
  1. 16:18 – 17:13
  2. 17:14-20
  3. 18:1-5
  4. 18:6-13
  5. 18:14 – 19:13
  6. 19:14 – 20:9
  7. 20:10 – 21:9
  8. Maftir: 21:7-9
Haftarah: Yeshayahu/Isaiah 51:12 – 53:12

Aliyah Rishon 16:18-17:13

Devarim/Deu 16:18  “Appoint judges and officers within all your gates, which יהוה your Elohim is giving you, according to your tribes. And they shall judge the people with righteous right-ruling”.

There is an interesting connection between the openings of last week and this week’s parasha.
Last week began –Deu 11:26 ‘See, I am setting before you today a blessing and a curse:
The Hebrew word for “setting” is “notein” or giving.
This week begins with - Deu 16:18 “Appoint judges (shoftim) and officers (policeman) within all your gates… these “shotriem” carried out the decisions of the court. They circulated around the market places and the city to make sure there were no violations of the instructions of Torah.
The Hebrew word once again in the opening words of our parasha comes from the root word “natan” which means “to give”  in other words we could say YHVH “GIVES” blessings and curses therefore GIVE yourselves judges and officers.

In Modern Hebrew a magistrate is called a “shofet shalom” and a policeman is called a “shoter.” We can therefore translate the first phrase of this Torah portion as “appoint magistrates and policemen”

Even in the kingdom of YHVH people will not always do what you expect but what you inspect.

This also points us clearly as to how YHVH intends His Kingdom to function - “The Rabbis speak of Israel as crowned with three crowns—the crown of kingship, the crown of Torah and the crown of priesthood. In early Jewish history these three crowns were, for the most part, kept distinct as rival centres of power in Hebrew society. Most democracies today have echoed this model. Religious, judicial and governing bodies are kept separate from each other and each saddled with limits so that their exploitative and oppressive potentials are restricted, while their productive and progressive possibilities are cultivated. For the Jews, to not limit these institutions would have been to exchange the foreign slavery of Egypt for the internal slavery of fellow Israelite domination. This week's parshah outlines the original separation of powers.
The Torah explicitly limits exploitative possibilities by separating the centers of power and placing constraints that keep these institutions functioning appropriately.” Rabbi James Jacobson-Maisels

Deu 16:19  “Do not distort right-ruling. Do not show partiality, nor take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and twists the words of the righteous.
Deu 16:20  “Follow (pursue aggressively) righteousness, righteousness alone, so that you live and inherit the land which יהוה your Elohim is giving you.
Deu 16:21  “Do not plant for yourself any tree as an Ashĕrah near the altar of יהוה your Elohim that you make for yourself.
Deu 16:22  “And do not set up a pillar, which יהוה your Elohim hates.

These “pillars” are phallic symbols which are associated with the worship of the “queen of heaven” – modern day examples include church towers, obelisks set up over graves and monuments. This is also often the evidence of the presence of Free Masonry.

Deu 17:1  “Do not slaughter to יהוה your Elohim a bull or sheep which has any blemish, any evil matter, for that is an abomination to יהוה your Elohim.

We should always bring the first and the best to YHVH.

Death penalty for idolatry:

Deu 17:2  “When there is found in your midst, in any of your cities which יהוה your Elohim is giving you, a man or a woman who does what is evil in the eyes of יהוה your Elohim, in transgressing His covenant,
Deu 17:3  and has gone and served other mighty ones and bowed down to them, or to the sun or to the moon or to any of the host of the heavens, which I have not commanded, (Sunday worship????)
Deu 17:4  and it has been made known to you and you have heard, and has searched diligently. Then see, if true: the matter is confirmed that such an abomination has been done in Yisra’ĕl,
Deu 17:5  then you shall bring out to your gates that man or woman who has done this evil matter, and you shall stone to death that man or woman with stones.
Deu 17:6  “At the mouth of two or three witnesses shall he that is to die be put to death. He is not put to death by the mouth of one witness.
Deu 17:7  “The hand of the witnesses shall be first against him to put him to death, and the hand of all the people last. So you shall purge the evil from your midst.
Deu 17:8  “When any matter arises which is too hard for you to judge, between blood and blood, between plea and plea, or between stroke and stroke – matters of strife within your gates – then you shall rise and go up to the place which יהוה your Elohim chooses,
Deu 17:9  and shall come to the priests, the Lĕwites, and to the judge who is in those days, and shall inquire. And they shall declare to you the word of right-ruling,
Deu 17:10  and you shall do according to the word which they declare to you from that place which יהוה chooses. And you shall guard to do according to all that they instruct you.
Deu 17:11  “Do according to the Torah in which they teach you, according to the right-ruling which they say to you. You do not turn to the right or to the left from the word which they declare to you.
Deu 17:12  “And the man who acts arrogantly, so as not to listen to the priest who stands to serve there before יהוה your Elohim, or to the judge, that man shall die. So you shall purge the evil from Yisra’ĕl.
Deu 17:13  “And let all the people hear and fear, and no longer do arrogantly.

Refusal to accept the Sanhedrin's authority is a capital offense.

Idolatry is any kind of thought or activity that diminishes the esteem of YHVH. Idolatry comes from a Greek word which implies worship or payment to an image or form. The most famous practice of idolatry in Christianity is the teaching and concept of the so called Trinity. This doctrine deifies Yahshua, who himself is a created being. We do well to remember that is us who need a mediator not YHVH and we are to worship the Giver of the mediator and not the mediator himself.
In true Hebraic restoration it is intolerable to imagine any interference that obscures the absolute supremacy and worship of Yahveh.

Aliyah Sheni 17:14-20 - Kings

Deu 17:14  “When you come to the land which יהוה your Elohim is giving you, and shall possess it and shall dwell in it, and you shall say, ‘Let me set a sovereign over me like all the gentiles that are around me,’
Deu 17:15  you shall certainly set a sovereign over you whom יהוה your Elohim shall choose. Set a sovereign over you from among your brothers, you are not allowed to set a foreigner over you, who is not your brother.
Deu 17:16  “Only, he is not to increase horses for himself, nor cause the people to return to Mitsrayim to increase horses, for יהוה has said to you, ‘Do not return that way again.’
Deu 17:17  “And he is not to increase wives for himself, lest his heart turn away, nor is he to greatly increase silver and gold for himself.  (The sages say not more than 18)
Deu 17:18  “And it shall be, when he sits on the throne of his reign, that he shall write for himself a copy of this Torah in a book, from the one before the priests, the Lĕwites.
Deu 17:19  “And it shall be with him, and he shall read it all the days of his life, so that he learns to fear יהוה his Elohim and guard all the Words of this Torah and these laws, to do them,
Deu 17:20  so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers, and so as not to turn aside from the command, right or left, so that he prolongs his days in his reign, he and his children, in the midst of Yisra’ĕl.

Aliyah Shlishi 18:1-5 -  Levites

Deu 18:1  “The priests, the Lĕwites, all the tribe of Lĕwi, have no part nor inheritance with Yisra’ĕl. They are to eat the offerings of יהוה made by fire, and His inheritance.
Deu 18:2  “But among his brothers Lĕwi has no inheritance. יהוה is his inheritance, as He has spoken to him.
Deu 18:3  “And this is the priest’s right from the people, from those who bring an offering, whether it is bull or sheep: they shall give to the priest the shoulder, and the two cheeks, and the stomach;
Deu 18:4  the first-fruits of your grain and your new wine and your oil, and the first of the fleece of your sheep, you give to him.
Deu 18:5  “For יהוה your Elohim has chosen him out of all your tribes to stand to serve in the Name of יהוה, him and his sons forever.

The livelihood of the priesthood will depend on our obedience to give to them.

Aliyah Reviee 18:6-13

Deu 18:6  “And when the Lĕwite comes from one of your gates, from where he has sojourned among all Yisra’ĕl, and shall come with all the desire of his being to the place which יהוה chooses,

The Levites could move freely around the cities of Yisrael, this was also the custom of some rabbis. There were itinerant Levites who would gather disciples who would volunteer their time to be taught the Torah and minister with the Levite or a rabbi. These disciples were taught by example.

Yahshua commanded us to make “disciples” not converts. – Mat 28:19  “Therefore, go and make taught ones of all the nations, immersing them in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Set-apart Spirit, (“set apart Spirit” is added and not found in the orginal Hebrew Shem -Tov text)

Deu 18:7  then he shall serve in the Name of יהוה his Elohim, like all his brothers the Lĕwites, who are standing there before יהוה.
Deu 18:8  “They are to have portion for portion to eat, besides what comes from the sale of his inheritance.
Deu 18:9  “When you come into the land which יהוה your Elohim is giving you, do not learn to do according to the abominations of those gentiles.
Deu 18:10  “Let no one be found among you who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, (aborted babies are incinerated in our day) or one who practises divination, or a user of magic, or one who interprets omens or a sorcerer,
Deu 18:11  or one who conjures spells, or a medium, or a spiritist, or one who calls up the dead.
Deu 18:12  “For whoever does these are an abomination to יהוה, and because of these abominations יהוה your Elohim drives them out from before you.
Deu 18:13  “Be perfect before יהוה your Elohim,

Be perfect or “tamim tehiye”  means “without spot or blemish YOU SHALL BECOME” - imperfect verb that describes a “work” in progress.

So we see in these above aliyiot a clear directive given to leaders – kings priests and a judiciary – we see that their role was to make sure that an atmosphere was to be created and  maintained in society that would protect the covenant life of a covenant people.

Aliyah Chamishi 18:14-19:13

Cities of refuge are mentioned again in this portion – always read in the month of Elul and so the Sages tell us that this is a month of sanctuary and repentance, a protected time in which a man can turn from the shortcomings of his past and dedicate himself to a new and set apart way unto YHVH. This protection is extended into the Messianic era with the addition of three extra cities of refuge. This gives us some valuable insight into the coming millennial reign of Messiah. There will be a real world with real people who still need to be guided because of the danger of falling into error.

The bride of Messiah will experience a unique relationship with Messiah that no other group of people on earth will experience. They will enjoy a special guidance by the Ruach of YHVH to walk in an ever increasing perfection during the Messianic Kingdom.

Isa 30:20  Though יהוה gave you bread of adversity and water of affliction, your Teacher1 shall no longer be hidden. But your eyes shall see your Teacher1, Footnote: 1Or teachers. See also Joel 2:23.
Isa 30:21  and your ears hear a word behind you, saying, “This is the Way, walk in it,” whenever you turn to the right, or whenever you turn to the left.

Deu 18:14  for these nations whom you are possessing do listen to those using magic and to diviners. But as for you, יהוה your Elohim has not appointed such for you.
Deu 18:15  “יהוה your Elohim shall raise up for you a Prophet like me from your midst, from your brothers. Listen to Him,
Deu 18:16  according to all you asked of יהוה your Elohim in Ḥorĕḇ in the day of the assembly, saying, ‘Let me not hear again the voice of יהוה my Elohim, nor let me see this great fire any more, lest I die.’
Deu 18:17  “And יהוה said to me, ‘What they have spoken is good.
Deu 18:18  ‘I shall raise up for them a Prophet like you out of the midst of their brothers. And I shall put My Words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him.
Deu 18:19  ‘And it shall be, the man who does not listen to My Words which He speaks in My Name, I require it of him.

In the Second Writings this is quoted in
Act 3:22  “For Mosheh truly said to the fathers, ‘יהוה your Elohim shall raise up for you a Prophet like me from your brothers. Him you shall hear according to all matters, whatever He says to you.
Act 3:23  ‘And it shall be that every being who does not hear that Prophet1 shall be utterly destroyed from among the people.’ Footnote: 1Deut. 18:18-20.

“A Prophet like Moshe”
  1. Both Moshe and Yahshua were born in the midst of life threatening circumstances.
  2. Moshe like Yahshua chose to associate with the humble and the oppressed.
  3. Both Moshe and Yahshua were first rejected by their people.
  4. YHVH empowered both Moshe and Yahshua to destroy the power of the enemy.
  5. YHVH sent both Moshe and Yahshua to bring His people out of slavery.
  6. Both Moshe and Yahshua revealed the Name and the nature of YHVH to the people.
  7. Both did unusual miracles.
  8. Both will return to bring the Bride of Messiah into the Promised Land.

Deu 18:20  ‘But the prophet who presumes to speak a word in My Name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other mighty ones, even that prophet shall die.’
Deu 18:21  “And when you say in your heart, ‘How do we know the word which יהוה has not spoken?’ –
Deu 18:22  when the prophet speaks in the Name of יהוה and the word is not, or comes not, that is the word which יהוה has not spoken. The prophet has spoken it presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him.
Deu 19:1  “When יהוה your Elohim cuts off the nations whose land יהוה your Elohim is giving you, and you dispossess them and dwell in their cities and in their houses,
Deu 19:2  separate three cities for yourself in the midst of your land which יהוה your Elohim is giving you to possess. (Future tense referring to the Messianic age)
Deu 19:3  “Prepare a way for yourself, and divide into three parts the border of your land which יהוה your Elohim is giving you to inherit, that anyone who killed someone shall flee there.
Deu 19:4  “And this is the matter of the one who killed someone who flees there and live: He who smites his neighbour unintentionally, not having hated him in time past,
Deu 19:5  even he who goes to the forest with his neighbour to cut timber, and his hand swings a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slips from the handle and strikes his neighbour so that he dies – let him flee to one of these cities and live,
Deu 19:6  lest the revenger of blood, while his displeasure is hot, pursue the one who killed someone and overtake him, because the way is long, and shall smite him, though he was not worthy of death, since he had not hated him before.
Deu 19:7  “Therefore I am commanding you, saying, ‘Separate three cities for yourself.’
Deu 19:8  “And if יהוה your Elohim enlarges your border, as He swore to your fathers, and has given you the land which He promised to give to your fathers –
Deu 19:9  when you guard all this command to do it, which I am commanding you today, to love יהוה your Elohim and to walk in His ways all the days – then you shall add three more cities for yourself besides these three,  (note the conditional aspect of this instruction – Yisrael has not yet obeyed but soon will)
Deu 19:10  so that innocent blood is not shed in the midst of your land which יהוה your Elohim is giving you as an inheritance, or blood-guilt shall be upon you.
Deu 19:11  “But when anyone hates his neighbour, and shall lie in wait for him and rise against him and smite the life from him so that he dies, then he shall flee to one of these cities,
Deu 19:12  and the elders of his city shall send and bring him from there, and give him into the hand of the revenger of blood, and he shall die.
Deu 19:13  “Your eye shall not pardon him, but you shall purge the blood of innocent blood from Yisra’ĕl, so that it might be well with you.

Aliyah Shishi 19:14-20:9

A minimum of two witnesses are required to secure a conviction in a capital or corporal punishment case. Individuals who testify falsely are liable to receive the punishment which they sought to have imposed upon their innocent victim. The procedure for battle is outlined in this section. When approaching the battlefield, a Kohen addresses the troops, admonishing them not to fear the enemy, and listing the various individuals who are exempt from military duty, such as one who has recently betrothed a woman or built a new home, or a fainthearted and fearful person.
Deu 19:14  “Do not remove your neighbour’s boundary, which those in the past have set, in your inheritance which you inherit in the land that יהוה your Elohim is giving you to possess.

Deu 19:15  “One witness does not rise up against a man concerning any crookedness or any sin that he commits. At the mouth of two witnesses or at the mouth of three witnesses a matter is established.
Deu 19:16  “When a malicious witness rises up against any man to accuse him of turning aside,
Deu 19:17  then both men who have the dispute shall stand before יהוה, before the priests and the judges who serve in those days.
Deu 19:18  “And the judges shall diligently search and see if the witness is a false witness, who has falsely accused his brother,
Deu 19:19  then you shall do to him as he thought to have done to his brother. Thus you shall purge the evil from your midst.
Deu 19:20  “And let the rest hear and fear, and never again do this evil matter in your midst.
Deu 19:21  “And let your eye not pardon, life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.  (In other words a just compensation must be sought for a loss incurred by one party)
Deu 20:1  “When you go out to battle against your enemies, and shall see horses and chariots and people more numerous than you, do not be afraid of them, for יהוה your Elohim, who brought you up from the land of Mitsrayim, is with you.
Deu 20:2  “And it shall be, when you draw near to the battle, that the priest shall come and speak to the people,
Deu 20:3  and shall say to them, ‘Hear, O Yisra’ĕl: You are drawing near today to battle with your enemies. Do not let your heart faint, do not fear, or tremble, or be afraid before them,
Deu 20:4  for יהוה your Elohim is He who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.’
Deu 20:5  “And the officers shall speak to the people, saying, ‘Who is the man who has built a new house and has not dedicated it? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle and another man dedicate it.
Deu 20:6  ‘And who is the man who has planted a vineyard and has not begun to use it? Let him also go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle and another man should begin to use it.
Deu 20:7  ‘And who is the man who is engaged to a woman and has not taken her? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle and another man take her.’
Deu 20:8  “And the officers shall speak further to the people, and say, ‘Who is the man who is afraid and tender of heart? Let him go and return to his house, lest the heart of his brothers faint like his heart.’
Deu 20:9  “And it shall be, when the officers have finished speaking to the people, that they shall appoint commanders of the divisions to lead the people.

Aliyah Sheviee 20:10-21:9

Deu 20:10  “When you draw near to a city to fight against it, then you shall make a call for peace to it.
Deu 20:11  “And it shall be that if it accepts your call for peace, and shall open to you, then all the people found in it are to be your compulsory labour, and serve you.
Deu 20:12  “But if it does not make peace with you, and shall fight against you, then you shall besiege it,

IDF still employ this method today; first distribute pamphlets by helicopter before bombing or shelling terrorist strongholds.

Deu 20:13  and יהוה your Elohim shall give it into your hands, and you shall smite every male in it with the edge of the sword.
Deu 20:14  “Only the women, and the little ones, and the livestock, and all that is in the city, all its spoil, you take as plunder for yourself. And you shall eat the enemies’ plunder which יהוה your Elohim gives you.
Deu 20:15  “Do so to all the cities which are very far from you, which are not of the cities of these nations.
Deu 20:16  “Only, of the cities of these peoples which יהוה your Elohim gives you as an inheritance, you do not keep alive any that breathe,
Deu 20:17  but you shall certainly put them under the ban: the Ḥittite and the Amorite and the Kena’anite and the Perizzite and the Ḥiwwite and the Yeḇusite, as יהוה your Elohim has commanded you,
Deu 20:18  lest they teach you to do according to all their abominations which they have done for their mighty ones, and you sin against יהוה your Elohim.
Deu 20:19  “When you besiege a city for a long time by fighting against it to take it, you do not destroy its trees by wielding an axe against them. If you do eat of them, do not cut them down. For is the tree of the field a man to be besieged by you?
Deu 20:20  “Only the trees which you know are not trees for food you do destroy and cut down, to build siege-works against the city that is fighting against you, until it falls. (This compares with the usage of modern day neutron bombs which destroy human flesh but not property)
Deu 21:1  “When anyone is found slain, lying in the field in the land which יהוה your Elohim is giving you to possess, and it is not known who smote him,
Deu 21:2  then your elders and your judges shall go out, and they shall measure the distance from the slain man to the cities round about.
Deu 21:3  “And it shall be that the elders of the city nearest to the slain man shall take a heifer which has not been worked and which has not pulled with a yoke,
Deu 21:4  and the elders of that city shall bring the heifer down to a wadi with flowing water, which is neither ploughed nor sown, and they shall break the heifer’s neck there in the wadi.
Deu 21:5  “And the priests, the sons of Lĕwi, shall come near, for יהוה your Elohim has chosen them to serve Him and to bless in the Name of יהוה, and by their mouth every strife and every stroke is tried.
Deu 21:6  “And let all the elders of that city nearest to the slain man wash their hands over the heifer whose neck was broken in the wadi.
Deu 21:7  “And they shall answer and say, ‘Our hands have not shed this blood, nor have our eyes seen it.
Deu 21:8  ‘O יהוה, forgive Your people Yisra’ĕl, whom You have redeemed, and do not allow innocent blood in the midst of Your people Yisra’ĕl.’ And the blood-guilt shall be pardoned to them.
Deu 21:9  “Thus you purge the guilt of innocent blood from your midst when you do what is right in the eyes of יהוה.

Innocent blood that falls on the ground calls out to YHVH – Beresheet/Genesis 4:10 – During the millennial reign all blood guilt will be redeemed so that we may enjoy the continued favour and blessing of YHVH.

 Baruch atah YHVH, Eloheynu, Melech ha-‘Olam, asher natan lanu Toraht-emet,
v’chay-yeh o’lam nata-b’tochenu. Baruch atah YHVH, noteyn ha-Torah. Ameyn.”

(Blessed are you YHVH, our Elohim, King of the Universe, you have given us your Torah of truth, and have planted everlasting life within our midst. Blessed are you, Yahweh giver of the Torah. Ameyn.)


Please note these notes are under construction and are subject to correction
 and are in no way a final authority on any subject.