Sukkot (7 days) and Shemeni Atzereth (8th day)

The 7th Feast/Appointment
SUKKOT (7 days) (Updated a little bit -2017)

In Hebrew, the name of this Feast of Booths is Sukkot. It lasts for seven days and from historical writings we know that it was simply called The Feast/The Festival. We can even see in Yoch/John 7:37 where in the English translations it is called “the Feast” or “the Festival”. It is the Feast of all Feasts that will be celebrated every year by the whole world in Yerushalayim during the Millennium.

      Zec 14:16  And it shall be that all who are left from all the gentiles which came up against Yerushalayim, shall go up from year to year to bow themselves to the Sovereign, יהוה of hosts, and to observe the Festival of Booths. Zec 14:17  And it shall be, that if anyone of the clans of the earth does not come up to Yerushalayim to bow himself to the Sovereign, יהוה of hosts, on them there is to be no rain. Zec 14:18  And if the clan of Mitsrayim does not come up and enter in, then there is no rain. On them is the plague with which יהוה plagues the gentiles who do not come up to observe the Festival of Booths. Zec 14:19  This is the punishment of Mitsrayim and the punishment of all the gentiles that do not come up to observe the Festival of Booths.

This is referring to "the survivors from all the nations that have attacked Jerusalem" It is not speaking about those from the nations who today are the true Torah obedient followers of Yahshua the Messiah, because they will already be in Yerushalayim as the Bride of the King. The people who were “the bride that made herself ready” will be the ones who would have received their immortal bodies at the coming of Yahshua when the last Trumpet shall sound (See Matt 24:30, I Cor 15:51-54, I Thes 4:16,17) – perhaps even those who are the “guests” and not part of the Bride. But all in the nations who have survived YHVH's judgments to enter the Millennium will be coming to Yerushalayim to celebrate this Feast. These people or not all of them will not have esteemed/immortal bodies but they will become very old because of the renewed earth.

"Behold, I will create new heavens and a new earth. The former things will not be remembered, nor will they come to mind. …Never again will there be in it an infant who lives but a few days, or an old man who does not live out his years; he who dies at a hundred will be thought a mere youth; he who fails to reach a hundred will be considered accursed." (Isa 65:17,20). Many believe that in this case of this prophecy, it is speaking of people in the Millennium and not the final ‘renewed heavens’ and ‘renewed earth’ that Rev 21 speaks of, but a “first fruit” of that, because after the “Day of YHVH” where His vengeance and wrath will be poured out on the earth and on the people who don’t make it into the Millennium, there is going to be a renewal necessary in order to live on this earth in the Millennium. The Rev 21 FINAL “renewal” will take place at the end of the Millennium when the Eighth Day starts.
"Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars for ever and ever." (Dan 12:3-4)

It is this ultimate, esteemed salvation and the coming of the Messianic Kingdom on earth that we celebrate by faith with fullness of joy for seven days during Sukkot! It is a time of great happiness.
     Mat 19:28  And יהושע said to them, “Truly I say to you, when the Son of Aḏam sits on the throne of His esteem, you who have followed Me in the rebirth, shall also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Yisra’ĕl.Mat 19:29  “And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or lands, for My Name’s sake, shall receive a hundredfold, and shall inherit everlasting life. Mat 19:30  “But many who are first shall be last, and the last first

Like we said: The mood of Sukkot is joyous, and it is a time for celebration. Remember the progression: repentance on Yom Teruah, forgiveness and atonement on Yom Kippur, and now it is time to rejoice and be glad during Sukkot. Everyone, including Gentiles (stranger), were commanded to rejoice during Sukkot:
Deu 16:14  and you shall rejoice in your festival, you and your son and your daughter, and your male servant and your female servant, and the Lĕwite, and the stranger and the fatherless and the widow who are within your gates

Deu 16:15  “For seven days you shall observe a festival to יהוה your Elohim in the place which יהוה chooses, because יהוה your Elohim does bless you in all your increase and in all the work of your hands, and you shall be only rejoicing! 

In a
Sabbatical year, the Torah was to be publicly read during Sukkot/Tabernacles (Dev/Deut. 31:10-11).

The FIRST day of Sukkot is a set Apart Convocation and major feast but the rest of the six days were like ''minor feasts'' and yet very joyous with the water drawing ceremony everyday, the Festival offerings and the illumination of the Temple at night.

The Four Species

      Lev 23:40 ‘And you shall take for yourselves on the first day the fruit of good trees, branches of palm trees, twigs of leafy trees, and willows of the stream, and shall rejoice before יהוה your Elohim for seven days.
The four species, the etrog (this is the fruit that the Jews halachlicly decided on but strictly speaking it is not 100% clear in the original Hebrew what fruit is is), the palm, the myrtle and the poplar, that are waved before YHVH, is a symbol of rejoicing over Elohim's ultimate restoration of creation. (The picture above shows the Lulav (the four-species bound together) as it is according to Rabbinical halacha. We prefer to wave the palm branch as an open branch together with the other species. Their halacha is to close the palm branch).

Seven days
It is clear that this 7-day period, is to be the SEASON OF OUR JOY [z’man simchateinu]. 
Sukkot is a commemoration of both the placement of man in the Garden of Eden, and the overshadowing Presence of YHVH as the Redeemed Community left Mitsrayim/Egypt. Its focus on harvesting various species recalls the purpose of man in the Garden. YHVH placed His special creation, in the Gan Eden [garden of Eden], and blessed him with the ability and potential to multiply pru u'rvu – be fruitful and multiply, take dominion over the rest of YHVH’s creation, and eat of it.  This was a “new beginning”, setting man above the animals and other living creatures of earth. It reflected an exalted status for man – with vastly expanded potential for fulfilling YHVH’s purposes.

    In Judaism this is the specification for the instruction:
               ·        Etrog – a type of citron, a citrus fruit that looks like a large lemon.
               ·        Lulav – date palm branches.
               ·        Hadassah – myrtle- leafy tree
   ·        Aravot – willow.


The Sukkah
VaVayiqra/Lev 23:41 ‘And you shall observe it as a festival to יהוה for seven days in the year – a law forever in your generations. Observe it in the seventh month.
Lev 23:42 ‘Dwell in booths 
for seven days; all who are native Yisra’ĕlites dwell in booths, (see the command in Devarim 16:14.
WE are the wild olive grafted-in-branches (Rom 11)
 Lev 23:43 ''so that your generations know that I made the children of Yisra’ĕl dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Mitsrayim. I am יהוה your Elohim''.
The Sukkah (booth or tabernacle) is a very temporary dwelling. It symbolizes the frailty of our present bodies and the present world system. Living in booths for seven days is a reminder of Elohim's faithfulness to care for us through the journey of this life towards our destination in the kingdom of Elohim, just like Elohim took care of the children of Yisrael during their journey through the wilderness to the Promised Land.
He gave them food, water and clothing. He guided them in the right way through unknown territory. He protected them from danger, sickness and disease. It is also on physical level a reminder of the journey in the wilderness

      Deu 8:2  “And you shall remember that יהוה your Elohim led you all the way these forty years in the wilderness, to humble you, prove you, to know what is in your heart, whether you guard His commands or not.
      Deu 8:3  “And He humbled you, and let you suffer hunger, and fed you with manna which you did not know nor did your fathers know, to make you know that man does not live by bread alone, but by every Word that comes from the mouth of יהוה [1]. Footnote: 1Messiah quotes this in Mt. 4:4 and in Lk. 4:4.
      Deu 8:4  “Your garments did not wear out on you, nor did your foot swell these forty years.
      Deu 8:5  “Thus you shall know in your heart that as a man disciplines his son, so יהוה your Elohim disciplines you,

We need to rejoice over YHVH's faithfulness to care for us during the short journey through this life.
We also rejoice in advance by faith over the coming Messianic reign (the Millennium reign) of Yahshua from Yerushalayim/Jerusalem, the ultimate victory over all evil, the final regeneration of all creation.
This is certainly a very important Feast to strengthen our faith.


A MESSIANIC FULFILLMENT when Yahshua came the first time as Moschiach ben Yosef

The functions of the physical Tabernacle find fulfillment in Yahshua the Messiah the only brought forth Son of the Most High, who tabernacled among us in order to redeem and enable mankind to not be under the curse of the Torah but to obey His Father’s eternal law, the Torah, and made it possible for believers to now have it written on their hearts through the empowerment of the Ruach HaKodesh (the ''written on the hearts'' is an ongoing process until its final fulfilment in the Millennium reign of Yahshua).

      The Scriptures translation: Rom 8:3 For the Torah being powerless, in that it was weak through the flesh, Elohim, having His own Son in the likeness of flesh of sin, and concerning sin, condemned sin in the flesh, Rom 8:4 so that the righteousness of the Torah should be completed in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.                                                                                              

 PROPHETIC MESSIANIC FULFILMENT

The 7-day celebration of ingathering called Sukkot prophetically rehearses the restoration of the Sh’kinah Presence of YHVH to mankind which will occur in Olam HaBa – the World to Come.  The prophets say that when Messiah reigns in Yerushalayim, all nations who made it into the Millennium will come to worship YHVH during this 7th day period (they can be literally people from the nations who make it into the Thousand Year reign because they had a heart for Yisrael or they can be made up of the saved people who are not part of the “Bride of Messiah” but just “wedding guests” or just people who made into the nations that made it into the Millennium. These are all still things that all of us are trying to understand and we might have some of our interpretations and understandings correct and some of it incorrect. Perhaps nearer to the time there will be more insight or else we will only know for sure when Yahshua comes back.
The fullness of this feast in the seventh month will be experienced at the coming of the Messiah, Yahshua, when He will rule and reign on the earth during the Messianic age, the Millennium, called the Athid Lavo in Hebrew eschatology on behalf of his Father YHVH. This time will be a time of joy for all believers in the Messiah Yahshua and will be the age of Yisrael's/Israel’s esteem. So, Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles/booths points to the time when Yahshua has returned as Moschiach ben David, to take up the throne of David as “the Son of David” and has restored the kingdom to Yisrael/Israel ruling as King of kings and Master of masters from Yerushalayim/Jerusalem in the 7th thousand-year reign. The wedding of the Lamb will be celebrated for a thousand years on the earth so to speak.
During this time, the Torah will go out from Yerushalayim, not only to all of Yisrael, but to all the nations (the people who make it into the nations during the Millennium), as it is written in Yeshayahu/Isaiah 2:2-4, 
      Isa 2:2 And it shall be in the latter days that the mountain of the House of יהוה is established on the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills. And all nations shall flow to it.
      Isa 2:3 And many peoples shall come and say, “Come, and let us go up to the mountain of יהוה, to the House of the Elohim of Yaʽaqoḇ, and let Him teach1 us His ways1, and let us walk in His paths1, for out of Tsiyon comes forth the Torah1, and the Word1 of יהוה from Yerushalayim.” Footnote: 1His ways, His paths, the teaching and the Word of יהוה are used synonymously.
I     Isa 2:4 And He shall judge between the nations, and shall reprove many peoples. And they shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither teach battle any more.

      Mic 4:1-4  Mal 4:1  “For look, the day shall come, burning like a furnace, and all the proud, and every wrongdoer shall be stubble. And the day that shall come shall burn them up,” said יהוה of hosts, “which leaves to them neither root nor branch.
      Mal 4:2 “But to you who fear My Name the Sun of Righteousness shall arise with healing in His wings. And you shall go out and leap for joy like calves from the stall.
      Mal 4:3 “And you shall trample the wrongdoers, for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet on the day that I do this,” said יהוה of hosts.
      Mal 4:4 “Remember the Torah of Mosheh, My servant, which I commanded him in Ḥorĕḇ for all Yisra’ĕl – laws and right-rulings.

In Yeshayahu/Isaiah 42:4, it is written,
 “He will not fail nor be discouraged, until he has set justice in the earth; and the islands shall wait for his Torah.”(HNV revised)
 This teaching from the Torah will be given to all the leaders of the nations during the annual feast of Sukkot, when they will have to be present in Yerushalayim, as it is written in: 
Zechariah 14:16-17, Zec 14:16 And it shall be that all who are left from all the gentiles which came up against Yerushalayim, shall go up from year to year to bow themselves to the Sovereign, יהוה of hosts, and to observe the Festival of Booths.
     Zec 14:17 And it shall be, that if anyone of the clans of the earth does not come up to Yerushalayim to bow himself to the Sovereign, יהוה of hosts, on them there is to be no rain.

      This is talking about physical rain, but it is also speaking allegorically. Rain symbolizes the
Torah, see Devarim/Deuteronomy 32:2. A possible interpretation: During the feast of Sukkot in the millennium, the Messiah Yahshua will give all of Yisrael and the rulers of the Gentiles an annual Torah seminar. It will be completely different than it is today; The Political leaders try to make order in the world and to solve its problems without submitting to the Elohim of Yisrael, his Messiah Yahshua, and his Instruction Book. Only once the Messiah restores the Torah among all the nations of the earth, will there be shalom/peace in the world.
  
      Devarim/Deuteronomy 32:2. “Let my instruction fall as rain, My speech drop down as dew, As fine rain on the tender plants, And as showers on the grass.”

      Yeshayahu/Isa 4:2 – 6  In that day the Branch of יהוה shall be splendid and esteemed. And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely for the escaped ones1 of Yisra’ĕl. And it shall be that he who is left in Tsiyon and he who remains in Yerushalayim is called set-apart, everyone who is written among the living in Yerushalayim. When יהוה has washed away the filth of the daughters of Tsiyon, and rinsed away the blood of Yerushalayim from her midst, by the spirit of judgment and by the spirit of burning, then יהוה shall create above every dwelling place of Mount Tsiyon, and above her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day and the shining of a flaming fire by night, for over all the esteem shall be a covering, and a booth for shade in the daytime from the heat, for a place of refuge, and for a shelter from storm and rain.    
  
The Harvest

Vayiqra/Lev 23:39a ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather in the fruit of the land, observe the festival of יהוה for seven days.”
Sukkot is a Feast celebrating that the harvest has come in. This is a prophecy about the harvest of both X- Gentiles who are grafted-in and Jews. Paul wrote in Rom 11:25 For I do not wish you to be ignorant of this secret, brothers, lest you should be wise in your own estimation, that hardening in part has come over Yisra’ĕl, until the completeness of the gentiles[1] has come in. Footnote: 1Gen. 48:19. Rom 11:26  And so all Yisra’ĕl shall be saved, as it has been written, “The Deliverer shall come out of Tsiyon, and He shall turn away wickedness from Yaʽaqoḇ, Rom 11:27  and this is My covenant with them, when I take away their sins.”1 Footnote: 1Isa. 59:20-21.
Let us pray and rejoice over the harvest of beings that will be reaped both among the nations as well as Yisrael! Elohim's house will be full! As the fullness of the Gentiles comes in, all of Yisrael will be saved! The Seventh day of Sukkot, called The Great day of the Feast speaks of a final harvest (more about this then in next section). 
                                                                                                                                                                      Rev 7:9  After this I looked and saw a great crowd which no one was able to count, out of all nations and tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, dressed in white robes, and palm branches in their hands, Rev 7:10  and crying out with a loud voice, saying, “Deliverance belongs to our Elohim who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!”
 Let us not forget to also pray Zec 12:9  “And it shall be in that day that I seek to destroy all the gentiles that come against Yerushalayim. Zec 12:10  “And I shall pour on the house of Dawiḏ and on the inhabitants of Yerushalayim a spirit of favour and prayers. And they shall look on Me whom they pierced, and they shall mourn for Him as one mourns for his only son. And they shall be in bitterness over Him as a bitterness over the first-born.

The Last Day of the Feast (the Seventh day), called the Great day of the FEAST or Hoshianna rabbah - no set apart convocation or Shabbaton is ascribed to this seventh day. It was though a special high on which Sukkot ends

On the seventh and final day of Sukkot (the Feast of Tabernacles), the Temple services reached a climax. The anticipation of rain was at its annual high. Jewish tradition held that it was on this day that Elohim declared whether there would be rain for the coming year's crops.

Everyday during Sukkot, there was a water-drawing ceremony called the Water libation ceremony. Consequently, on this final day of the Feast, the seventh day, the Temple water-pouring ritual took on great importance. Water was the foremost thought on every one's mind.


The custom of carrying branches and singing Psalms during the Feast of Tabernacles is of ancient origin. It dates back at least to the time of the Maccabees, some 165 years before Messiah (cf. Mac. 10:6-7). The water-drawing ceremony is also from antiquity and not explicitly mentioned in the Torah. Although debate exists as to whether Isaiah alluded to the water-drawing ceremony (Isaiah 12:3), or the ceremony was derived from the words of Isaiah, it is known that the ceremony was in use at least 100 years before the time of Yahshua. From different Historical sources, we can read that it happened like this: Each morning of Tabernacles (15th Ethanim – 21st Ethanim (later after Babylon the Sevengh month was also called Tishrei) a water offering was offered as a visual prayer for rain. Shortly after dawn, the high priest was accompanied by a procession of worshippers to the Pool of Siloam. He carried a golden pitcher capable of holding a little more than a quart (says Alfred Edersheim) which he filled with water and brought back to the Temple Mount. At the same time people gathered willows and brought them through the South Gate of the city and laid them as a canopy of drooping branches over the altar in the Temple courtyard. When the High Priest reached the Southern Gate (known as the Water Gate because of this ceremony), three silver trumpets sounded outside the temple and the priests shouted: “Therefore with joy will you draw water from the wells of salvation” (Isaiah 12:3). On the first six days of this Feast, the silver trumpets gave three blasts.


(On the painting on the left, the trumpets are incorrectly portrayed as golden trumpets instead of silver trumpets. According to the history sources, the trumpets were blown when the priest reached the Southern Gate called the Water Gate.)

When the High Priest reached the altar, he ascended the ramp and raised the golden pitcher. He poured out the water and simultaneously a drink offering of wine was poured out. The silver trumpets blasted again three times and the Levitical choir sang the Hallel (Psalm 113-118) as the congregation joined in waving palm branches, singing, “Save now, I pray, Oh YHVH, send now thy prosperity” (118:25).

On the seventh day of Sukkot, the Hoshanna Rabbah, also called the Great day of the Feast, the silver trumpets gave three sets of seven blasts.

On the other six days, the priests made but one circuit around the altar. On this seventh day, the priests made seven. As they marched around the altar in a joyful procession from the Pool of Siloam the people waved palm branches as they sang Tehillim/Psalm 118: "This is the day YHVH has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it. O YHVH, save us; O YHVH, grant us success. [Hosanna,Hosanna!] Blessed is he who comes in the name of YHVH. From the house of YHVH we bless you. YHVH is Elohim, and he has made his light shine upon us. With boughs in hand, join in the festal procession up to the horns of the altar. You are my El, and I will give you thanks; you are my El, and I will exalt you. Give thanks to YHVH, for he is good; his love endures forever." (Psalm 118:24-29). It is clear that this Tehilla (Psalm) speaks of this ceremony on the 7th day of Sukkot.

For these reasons, the day was known as Hoshiannah Rabbah, or "Great Hosanna." Thoughts of rain for the coming year and messianic fervour were at their highest pitch.


We can read about this day called Hoshanah Rabbah and the ceremony in different ancient history books like Avraham Finkel‘s “in Essence of the Holy Days”. He also says: Quote: "On the seventh day of Sukkot -- Hoshana Rabbah seven circuits are made (around the bimah/altar), hence the name Hoshianna Rabbah, which means ‘many hoshanas.’) during this last day of the Feast of Tabernacles (the Seventh day, the Great day of the Feast), when the priests carried water from the Pool of Siloam in a procession with much joy and shouts of "hosanna" up to foot of the altar in the Temple they were reciting Yeshayahu/Isaiah 12:2-3 “See, Ěl is my deliverance, I trust and am not afraid. For Yah, יהוה, is my strength and my song; and He has become my deliverance. And you shall draw water with joy from the fountains of deliverance".

 “In the hoshana prayers we ask for rain, ‘to give life to the forsaken wastes, to sustain with trees, to enhance with sweet fruits, to rain on the sproutings, to elevate the thirsty earth.’ After the seven processions around the bimah (Altar), additional prayers are said, after which the lulav and etrog are laid aside and the hoshana bundle, consisting of five willow branches, is picked up.  The hoshana bundle is beaten on the ground five times in accordance with an ancient custom that was instituted by the prophets Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi (c. 350 B.C.E.)”  (The Essence of the Holy Days, p.94)". End Quote.

In the Good News of Yochanan/John we read that Yahshua Messiah went up to the Feast of Booths (Sukkot) in Yerushalayim (Yoch/John 7:1-9).  This in Yoch 7:1-9 must have been about the middle of the Feast, He went up to the Temple, and taught the people (v.14-30).  at the end of chapter seven from verse 37 we read what Yahshua said on this last and Seventh day of Sukkot: Yahshua proclaimed that he was the fulfillment of Sukkot (the Feast of Booths): Yochanan/Joh 7:37 And on the last day, the great day of the festival (or “the Feast” like other English translations translated it), יהושע stood and cried out, saying, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me, and let him who believes in Me drink. Joh 7:38 “As the Scripture said, out of His innermost shall flow rivers of living water.” This "last day, the great day of the festival" is talking about the seventh day of Sukkot, called in Hebrew the "Hoshianna rabbah". In English it can be translated as "The Day of the Great Hosanna or salvation." It is amazing that on this Great and last day of the Feast when the water ceremony took on greater importance, that Yahshua said ''if anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and let him who believes in Me drink...." (Dankenberg and others reckon that this statement of Yahshua can also refer to the outpouring of the Set Apart Spirit that was to come)

Dankenberg says:
“What is the “last day” of the Feast?  Why is it called, “the Great Day”?
Many have assumed, and taught, that this refers to the concluding festival which follows right after the Feast of Tabernacles, called “The Eighth Day”(in Hebrew the Eigth Day assembly is called Shemini Atzeret, which simply means, “Eighth Day.”)
 However, a strict interpretation of this verse about ''the Last day or Great day of The Feast'' would suggest that it is discussing a festival itself which has more than one day, and the day in question is the LAST day of that particular Feast!  Now the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot) is just such a Feast.  It has “seven days” (Lev.23:39-42).  On these seven days the people of YHVH are to take palm branches, and other branches, and rejoice before the Eternal One.(v.40).  During these seven days they are to dwell in booths, or temporary dwellings, called sukkah in Hebrew (verse 42).

After this seven-day festival called Sukkot, on the eighth day, comes an entirely NEW festival, called Shemini Atzeret! (Will discuss this last one-day Feast called Shemeni Atzereth, separately). It also is an annual Shabbaton day (a day of rest – no servile work) – a day of solemn assembly  (Lev.23:39; Numbers 29:35).” 

 As the waters were poured out (during the water drawing ceremony) the people began to pray for rain for the coming season in order to secure another harvest. They sang Tehillim/Psalm 118:25, I pray, O יהוה, please save; I pray, O יהוה, please send prosperity. In Hebrew they sang, "Hoshianah, hatshlichana!"
It must have been then on the Seventh Day, right at this moment of the last water drawing ceremony that Yahshua shouted “if anyone thirsts……..” Yahshua therefore made this statement, about the out-pouring of the Set apart Spirit, on the last day (seventh day) of the Feast of Sukkot – very possibly picturing the Day of Final Salvation, the Day of Great Salvation/Deliverance (Hoshianna rabbah), and the Great White Throne Judgment! 

What does this final day (Hoshianna Rabbah, the Seventh day of Sukkot) of celebrating the Harvest, and Ingathering, therefore, picture?

            As most of us know, Sukkot (the Feast of Tabernacles) as a whole, pictures the Millennial Reign of the Messiah, Yahshua, over the nations of the world for one thousand years (Rev 20); But what about this “last day” (seventh day) of the Feast?; the “Seventh Day of Sukkot”; the “Last Great Day”; the “Hoshianna Rabbah” – the “Great Salvation” – Is it possible that this portrays the “second resurrection” at the end of the Millennium; this final stage of Elohim’s plan of salvation?–because that is the time when BILLLIONS will be judged and enter the Kingdom of Elohim!  It is the time period called the “Great White Throne Judgment” in Revelation, chapter 20! (Remember that when Yahshua comes back on the clouds for the Millennium reign, there is going to be a judgment seat where the Messiah is going to judge our works before we enter into the Millennium/Thousand year reign - 2Co 5:10  For we all have to appear before the judgment seat of Messiah, in order for each one to receive according to what he has done in the body, whether good or evil.) 
The “Great White Throne of Judgment” on the other hand, is at the end of the Millennium/Thousand years [Rev 20])  Could it be (asks Dankenberg) that it literally pictures the final day of “judgment” and sealing those who will receive eternal life (compare Rev.20:11-15), as opposed to those who will suffer the second and final death penalty (v.14-15) just before the Eighth Day (Shemeni Atzereth), the new beginning that starts when YHVH Himself will come to abode with His people forever with the Lamb on the renewed earth where the renewed Yerushalayim has come down from heaven? (Rev 21:1-4 and I Cor 15). Dankenberg seems to belief so and we also feel that this is a very good possibility.

We are not “going to heaven” like we were taught for so many years. (Ask for article on this issue if you are interested.) See Rev 21. You can also ask for article studies on what happens after death. We have learnt unscriptural things about it as Christians from Christianity who learnt it from Plato.

            So this final day of harvest-celebration could very well picture the vast second resurrection – the resurrection of all people who ever lived, who did not qualify to be in the first resurrection (Rev.20:1-4), at the coming of Yahshua, the Messiah at the start of the Millennium.  All these others will rise up, to human life, after the 1,000 year period (Rev.20:5-6).  They will be judged at that time – the time of the “Great Salvation,” or “Many Hoshanas/Hoshianas” either to eternal life in the Kingdom of Elohim on the renewed earth, or they will suffer the second and final death penalty: Rev 20:14  ‘And the death and the grave were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death.[1] Footnote: 1See 2:11, 20:6, 21:8. Rev 20:15  And if anyone was not found written in the Book of Life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.’

Quote from Avraham Finkel's book:
"During the week of Sukkot, altogether seventy bulls were brought as Mussaf offerings on the altar in the Bet Hamikdash. However, on Shemini Atzeret, only one bull was sacrificed. Why? The seventy bulls represent the seventy nations of the world; the one bull of Shemini Atzeret represents the unique nation of Yisrael. You may compare it to a king who had held a festival for seven days and invited all of the country's inhabitants (the nations of the world) to the seven days of feasting. When the seven days of feasting were over, he said to his friend (Yisrael), 'Let us now have a small meal together, just you and I' (Bamidbar Rabbah 21, Sukkah 55b)" (p.98)


(Notes compiled by  I Crowther)